Introduction Education has long been considered the cornerstone of the American Dream. In the United States, the belief that hard work and talent can lead to upward mobility is deeply embedded in national ideology. Schools, colleges, and universities are viewed as institutions that provide individuals with the skills, knowledge, and credentials necessary to improve their … Read more
Introduction School segregation remains one of the most enduring manifestations of racial inequality in the United States. Despite legal victories and civil rights reforms, American schools continue to reflect deep social, economic, and racial divisions. From the era of legally sanctioned segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine to contemporary patterns of de facto segregation … Read more
Migration has become one of the most transformative forces shaping contemporary societies across the globe. In Southern Europe, Spain stands as a particularly significant case. Over the past four decades, Spain has transitioned from being a country of emigration to one of immigration. This transformation has deeply influenced its demographic structure, labor market, political debates, … Read more
Introduction The influence of Hollywood on American culture is one of the most significant sociological phenomena of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. As the symbolic heart of the U.S. film industry, Hollywood represents more than a geographic location; it embodies a powerful cultural institution that shapes values, norms, identities, and social imagination. From silent cinema … Read more
In the 21st century, social media has become one of the most influential forces shaping public life in the United States. Platforms such as Facebook, X, Instagram, and TikTok are no longer mere tools for communication; they are powerful institutions that influence politics, culture, identity, and social relationships. From presidential elections to racial justice movements, … Read more
Rural poverty and social exclusion in Arkansas represent one of the most persistent and complex social issues in the United States. Although America is often portrayed as a land of opportunity, regional inequalities reveal a different reality. In southern states like Arkansas, rural communities experience high poverty rates, limited access to education and healthcare, and … Read more
Capitalism has long been regarded as the defining economic system of the United States. Built upon private property, free markets, wage labor, and competition, American capitalism has generated extraordinary levels of innovation, wealth, and global power. At the same time, it has produced deep and persistent economic inequality. From the Gilded Age to the digital … Read more
Introduction Masculinity and gender roles in Indian society have evolved through centuries of cultural traditions, religious teachings, colonial experiences, and modern socio-economic transformations. Masculinity, as a social construct, refers to the attributes, behaviors, and roles that a society considers appropriate for men. In India, these roles are deeply rooted in patriarchy, family structures, caste hierarchy, … Read more
Introduction on Social Structure in Alaska Alaska occupies a unique position in the social geography of the United States. Vast in size, sparsely populated, climatically extreme, and culturally diverse, it presents a distinctive setting for sociological analysis. Migration, isolation, and social structure intersect in Alaska in ways rarely seen elsewhere in America. Unlike typical urban … Read more
Introduction For much of the twentieth century, American society was often portrayed as a network of strong communities—neighborhoods where people knew one another, civic organizations flourished, families were stable, and shared norms guided everyday life. In recent decades, however, sociologists, policymakers, and ordinary citizens have increasingly raised a troubling question: are American communities breaking down? … Read more