Introduction In the modern era, the media plays a pivotal role in shaping public opinion, cultural norms, and social behavior. The concept of mass society—a large-scale, impersonal, and highly mediated social structure—has become increasingly relevant in understanding how media influences individuals and communities. From television and newspapers to social media and digital platforms, mass communication has … Read more
Introduction on Sustainable Development Goals The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted by the United Nations in 2015, represent a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all by 2030. Among the 17 goals, health is a central theme, explicitly addressed in SDG 3: “Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being … Read more
Introduction The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), adopted by the United Nations in 2000, represented a historic global commitment to addressing pressing development challenges, including poverty, education, gender inequality, and health disparities. While the MDGs encompassed eight broad objectives, their health-related targets were particularly significant because health is both a determinant and an outcome of social … Read more
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, often referred to as Mahatma Gandhi, is one of the most influential figures in modern history. His contributions to India’s struggle for independence and his philosophy of non-violence (Ahimsa) and truth (Satyagraha) have been widely studied and celebrated. However, Gandhi’s impact extends far beyond the political realm; his ideas and actions have … Read more
Rabindranath Tagore, the polymath poet, philosopher, and social reformer, remains one of India’s most influential figures in shaping the nation’s cultural, social, and intellectual landscape. His contributions extend far beyond his literary genius, encompassing a profound engagement with the sociological fabric of India. Tagore’s work reflects a unique interplay of embracing tradition, questioning societal norms, … Read more
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817–1898) was a visionary reformer, educator, and social thinker whose contributions to Indian society during the 19th century were transformative. His work was deeply rooted in the sociological realities of his time, and his efforts to embrace modernity, question regressive traditions, and re-vision the future of Indian Muslims and the broader … Read more
Talcott Parsons (1902–1979) is one of the most influential figures in the field of sociology, particularly known for his development of structural functionalism, a theoretical framework that seeks to explain social structures and institutions in terms of their functions in maintaining social order and stability. Parsons’ work has been both celebrated and critiqued for its … Read more
Modernization and social change are two interconnected processes that have significantly shaped the trajectory of Indian society. Modernization refers to the process of social transformation whereby societies evolve from traditional, agrarian structures to industrialized, urbanized, and technologically advanced systems. Social change, on the other hand, encompasses the alterations in social structures, cultural norms, values, and … Read more
Introduction on Westernization and Social Change India, a land of diverse cultures, traditions, and histories, has undergone significant social transformations over the centuries. One of the most profound influences on Indian society in the modern era has been the process of westernization. Westernization, as a sociological concept, refers to the adoption of Western cultural, economic, … Read more
India, a land of diverse cultures, religions, and traditions, has been a melting pot of social change and transformation over centuries. Among the many religions that have shaped its social fabric, Islam holds a significant place. Introduced to India in the 7th century through trade and later consolidated by various dynasties, Islam has played a … Read more