Introduction Reality is often perceived as an objective and fixed entity, existing independently of human interpretation. However, social constructivism challenges this notion by arguing that much of what we consider “real” is shaped by social interactions, cultural norms, and collective agreements. In sociology, social constructivism examines how society creates and maintains shared understandings of reality … Read more
Introduction Feminist theory is a critical sociological perspective that examines gender inequalities, power structures, and the social construction of femininity and masculinity. Rooted in the broader feminist movement, feminist theory seeks to challenge patriarchal norms, advocate for gender equality, and analyze how intersecting social categories such as race, class, and sexuality shape women’s experiences. This … Read more
Introduction on Karl Marx Contributions to Sociology Karl Marx (1818–1883) is still regarded as one of the most important figures in political philosophy, economics, and sociology. His critiques of capitalism, theories of class struggle, and analysis of social structures have profoundly shaped sociological thought. Marx’s work provides a framework for understanding how economic systems shape … Read more
Introduction on Functionalism in Sociology Functionalism is one of the most influential theoretical perspectives in sociology, offering a framework for understanding how societies maintain stability and order. Rooted in the works of early sociologists such as Émile Durkheim, Herbert Spencer, and Talcott Parsons, functionalism examines social structures and institutions in terms of the functions they … Read more
Introduction The scientific study of society, human behavior, and social relationships is known as sociology. At its core, the sociological perspective encourages individuals to look beyond personal experiences and consider broader social forces that shape human life. This perspective challenges common-sense assumptions by analyzing how social structures, institutions, and cultural norms influence individual and collective … Read more
Introduction on Importance of Sociology Sociology, the scientific study of society, social relationships, and human behavior within groups, plays a crucial role in understanding the complexities of modern life. In an era marked by rapid technological advancements, globalization, political upheavals, and cultural transformations, sociology provides essential insights into how societies function, evolve, and respond to … Read more
Introduction on What is Sociology Sociology is the scientific study of society, human social relationships, and the structures that shape our lives. It looks at how people interact within organizations, cultures, and groups and how these interactions affect social change, behavior, and beliefs. As a discipline, sociology helps us understand the complexities of social life, … Read more
Introduction Colonialism has been one of the most transformative forces in shaping modern Asian societies. From the 16th to the 20th century, European powers—including the British, French, Dutch, Spanish, and later the Americans and Japanese—extended their dominance over vast regions of Asia. Colonialism had a significant sociological impact, reshaping social structures, political institutions, cultural identities, … Read more
Introduction on NGOs and Social Change in India Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have emerged as significant actors in the process of social change in India. They operate as intermediaries between the state and civil society, addressing gaps in governance, advocating for marginalized communities, and implementing development programs. From a sociological perspective, NGOs play a crucial role … Read more
Introduction on Policies and Programmes for Elderly in India India, like many other nations, is witnessing a significant demographic shift with a rapidly aging population. According to the 2011 Census, the elderly (aged 60 and above) constituted 8.6% of India’s population, and this figure is projected to rise to 19.5% by 2050 (United Nations, 2019). … Read more