Introduction China’s One-Child Policy, introduced in 1979, remains one of the most ambitious and controversial social engineering projects in modern history. Implemented to control rapid population growth after decades of high fertility rates, the policy profoundly reshaped Chinese society. While its demographic and economic consequences have been widely discussed, the social effects of the One-Child … Read more
Biopower is one of the most influential concepts in contemporary sociology, especially in the study of how modern societies regulate human life. Coined by French philosopher Michel Foucault, the term “biopower” describes the mechanisms through which institutions, states, and systems exercise control over human bodies, behaviors, and thoughts. Unlike traditional forms of power—such as monarchies … Read more
Introduction Fertility has always been one of the most crucial demographic factors influencing a nation’s socio-economic development. In India, the control of fertility through planned policies became a state priority soon after independence. As one of the most populous nations in the world, India recognized early that unchecked population growth posed challenges for resources, employment, … Read more