Introduction North American sociology has emerged as one of the most dynamic and influential branches of sociological thought in the modern world. Rooted primarily in the United States and Canada, it reflects a rich interplay of European intellectual traditions and the unique social realities of the North American continent. From the industrialization and urbanization of … Read more
Introduction on Louis Althusser’s Views on Conflict Theory Louis Althusser (1918–1990), a French Marxist philosopher, made profound contributions to social theory by reinterpreting Karl Marx’s ideas through a structuralist framework. While not traditionally classified as a “conflict theorist” in the same vein as Marx, Weber, or Dahrendorf, Althusser’s work nonetheless fits within the broader landscape … Read more
Introduction Lewis Coser (1913–2003) stands as one of the most influential sociologists of the 20th century who reinterpreted the role of social conflict in modern societies. His work, “The Functions of Social Conflict” (1956), presented a strikingly different view from traditional sociological thinkers who saw conflict as a sign of social breakdown or instability. Coser, … Read more
Introduction Ralf Dahrendorf (1929–2009) was a German-British sociologist, political scientist, and liberal thinker whose works significantly reshaped modern conflict theory in sociology. His most influential contribution lies in redefining social conflict within the framework of structural-functionalism and Marxism. At a time when Talcott Parsons and other functionalists emphasized social order, stability, and integration, Ralf Dahrendorf … Read more
Education and socialization are two interrelated processes that shape human behavior, attitudes, and social roles within society. From a sociological point of view, education is not merely a means of acquiring knowledge or skills, but a fundamental institution through which societies transmit culture, maintain social order, and reproduce their structure across generations. Socialization, on the … Read more
Introduction Education is one of the most fundamental institutions of human society. It not only transmits knowledge and skills but also plays a crucial role in shaping individuals’ values, behavior, and social identities. The Sociology of Education is a specialized subfield of sociology that studies the relationship between education and society. It examines how educational … Read more
Introduction on C. Wright Mills In the mid-20th century, American sociology was dominated by structural functionalism, an approach most famously associated with Talcott Parsons and Robert K. Merton. Functionalism emphasized the stability of society, viewing it as a system of interrelated parts working together to maintain order and equilibrium. However, as the world entered an … Read more
Introduction on Functional Approach to Stratification Social stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals and groups in society based on factors such as class, caste, status, power, wealth, and prestige. It shapes access to resources, life chances, and opportunities, making it one of the central concerns in sociology. Among the many perspectives that explain … Read more
Introduction on Conflict Theory in Sociology Conflict theory is one of the major sociological perspectives that examines how power dynamics, social inequalities, and competition shape society. Rooted in the works of Karl Marx, conflict theory emphasizes the role of coercion and domination in maintaining social order, rather than consensus or harmony. This perspective highlights the … Read more
Introduction on Sociological Theories The study of regions has been a significant area of interest in sociology, as regions are not merely geographical entities but also social, cultural, economic, and political constructs. Sociological theories provide frameworks to analyze how regions are formed, how they function, and how they influence social behavior, identity, and power structures. … Read more