Introduction on Education and Social Inequality in United States Education has long been celebrated as the cornerstone of democracy and the primary means of achieving upward social mobility in the United States. From the early ideals of the “American Dream” to modern discourses on equality of opportunity, education is often portrayed as the great equalizer. … Read more
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has not only been a global health crisis but also a profound social and economic turning point. Among its many consequences, unemployment emerged as one of the most critical and far-reaching social issues of the post-pandemic era. While economists view unemployment as a matter of labor market dynamics, sociologists analyze it … Read more
Introduction Political polarization—defined as the growing ideological distance and hostility between opposing political groups—has become one of the defining features of the 21st century. Across nations, societies have witnessed increasing divisions between left and right, liberal and conservative, secular and religious, globalist and nationalist. While this phenomenon is often analyzed through political science or communication … Read more
Introduction In the 21st century, youth entrepreneurship has emerged as one of the most dynamic forces shaping economies, cultures, and societies worldwide. From tech start-ups in Silicon Valley to small-scale businesses in developing nations, young people are increasingly taking charge of their economic destinies. The question arises—is youth entrepreneurship merely a social trend fueled by … Read more
Introduction on Sociology of Health Health is one of the most fundamental aspects of human life. It determines not only an individual’s well-being but also the productivity, stability, and progress of society as a whole. Yet, despite advances in medical science and healthcare infrastructure, inequality in access to care remains a global issue. The sociology … Read more
Introduction on Sociology of Cybersecurity In the 21st century, the digital realm has become the newest and perhaps the most influential social arena. With the rapid expansion of the internet, political communication, social movements, and even warfare have shifted from physical to virtual spaces. In this context, cybersecurity has evolved beyond a purely technical issue—it … Read more
Introduction on Gender Equality in South Korea Gender equality has become a defining issue in South Korea’s social development over the past few decades. Once a deeply patriarchal society rooted in Confucian traditions, South Korea has witnessed substantial progress in women’s rights, education, and participation in the workforce. However, despite these advancements, gender inequality persists … Read more
Introduction Technology has always been an integral force in shaping human societies, influencing how individuals interact, communicate, and form relationships. From the invention of the printing press to the rise of social media, every technological revolution has altered the social fabric of humanity. In the 21st century, the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) represents a … Read more
Introduction Work has always been a central pillar of human life and social organization. It shapes our identities, social relationships, economic status, and daily routines. The sociology of work—an essential subfield of sociology—examines how work influences social life and how social structures, institutions, and cultural norms shape work itself. In the 21st century, one of … Read more
Introduction Japan stands as one of the most advanced societies in the world—technologically, economically, and demographically unique. Among its defining social challenges is the phenomenon of rapid population aging. With nearly 30% of its citizens aged 65 and above, Japan has become the world’s oldest nation by proportion of elderly. This demographic transformation—known as kōreika … Read more