Introduction of Social Model of Disability Disability has long been a subject of study in sociology, with various models emerging to explain the experiences of disabled individuals in society. One of the most influential frameworks is the Social Model of Disability, which shifts the focus from individual impairments to societal barriers that restrict participation. This model … Read more
Introduction Disability is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that has been conceptualized in various ways across different disciplines. In sociology, the understanding of disability has evolved significantly, moving from a purely medical or individualistic perspective to a more social and structural one. The medical model of disability is one of the earliest and most dominant frameworks for … Read more
Introduction Empowerment of marginalized communities—such as racial and ethnic minorities, women, LGBTQ+ individuals, people with disabilities, and economically disadvantaged populations—is a critical goal for achieving social justice and equality. However, the process of empowerment is fraught with numerous challenges rooted in historical, structural, cultural, and institutional barriers. From a sociological perspective, these challenges stem from … Read more
Introduction Affirmative action refers to policies and practices designed to address historical and systemic inequalities faced by marginalized groups in education, employment, and other social institutions. These policies aim to promote equal opportunities for individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds, including racial and ethnic minorities, women, people with disabilities, and other underrepresented communities. Affirmative action is an … Read more
Introduction Social justice and equality are foundational concepts in sociology, shaping discussions on fairness, rights, and opportunities within societies. These ideas are central to understanding how societies distribute resources, power, and privileges among different groups. From a sociological perspective, social justice refers to the equitable distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges, while equality pertains to … Read more
Introduction of Patriarchy and Marginalization Patriarchy and marginalization are two interconnected systems that shape social hierarchies, power dynamics, and access to resources in societies worldwide. Patriarchy refers to a social system in which men hold primary power, dominating in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege, and control over property. Marginalization, on the other … Read more
Introduction Religion has been a fundamental aspect of human societies, shaping cultural norms, social structures, and individual identities. However, while religion can foster community cohesion and moral guidance, it can also contribute to social hierarchies and marginalization. Marginalization refers to the systematic exclusion of individuals or groups from meaningful participation in social, economic, and political … Read more
Introduction The caste system is one of the world’s oldest and most severe forms of social stratification, with profound roots in Indian history and culture. It has played a significant role in shaping social relations, economic opportunities, and political power dynamics. From a sociological perspective, the caste system is not merely a hierarchical arrangement of … Read more
Introduction Reproductive health is a critical aspect of human well-being that intersects with various social, economic, and political dimensions. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines reproductive health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being in all matters relating to the reproductive system. In the contemporary world, reproductive health is not just a … Read more
Introduction on Health and Human Development Health and human development are fundamental to sociological inquiry because they reflect the interplay between individual well-being and broader social structures. The Human Development Index (HDI), developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), provides a multidimensional assessment of development, moving beyond purely economic indicators to include health, education, and … Read more