Urban poverty is one of the most persistent challenges faced by rapidly urbanizing societies in the Global South. Cities promise economic opportunity, social mobility, and access to modern infrastructure, yet for millions of urban residents these promises remain unfulfilled. Manila in the Philippines and Jakarta in Indonesia are two prominent examples of megacities where rapid … Read more
Introduction Civil society has long been recognized as a crucial arena where citizens organize, express dissent, and negotiate power with the state. In Thailand, student protests have repeatedly emerged as one of the most dynamic expressions of civil society, particularly during moments of political crisis and democratic transition. From the 1970s to the contemporary youth-led … Read more
Introduction Class and social mobility remain central themes in sociological debates about inequality, opportunity, and justice. Australia has long been portrayed as a relatively egalitarian society, often associated with the ideal of a “fair go” for all. This popular image suggests that individuals, regardless of their family background, can improve their social and economic position … Read more
Indonesia, the world’s largest Muslim-majority nation, presents a complex and fascinating relationship between religion and politics. With more than 270 million people belonging to diverse religious, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds, Indonesia has developed a political system that seeks to balance religious influence with democratic governance. The interaction between Islam, state power, nationalism, and pluralism has … Read more
Canadian society is often portrayed as egalitarian, inclusive, and socially progressive. With its strong welfare system, multicultural policies, and emphasis on social mobility, Canada is commonly viewed as a country where class barriers are relatively weak compared to other capitalist nations. However, a sociological examination of class and stratification in Canada reveals a more complex … Read more
Introduction Southeast Asia is one of the most ethnically diverse regions in the world. From the Malays of Malaysia and Indonesia to the Thais, Burmese, Vietnamese, Filipinos, and hundreds of indigenous groups, the region represents a complex mosaic of cultures, languages, religions, and traditions. This diversity has shaped social structures, political systems, economic relations, and … Read more
Introduction East Asia has long been viewed as a region of cultural homogeneity, strong national identities, and limited immigration. Countries such as Japan, China, South Korea, and Taiwan historically emphasized ethnic unity and social cohesion. However, rapid economic growth, globalization, labor shortages, and demographic decline have transformed East Asia into an increasingly migrant-receiving region. Alongside … Read more
Introduction East Asia is one of the most economically dynamic and culturally rich regions in the world. China, Japan, and South Korea are not only major economic powers but also societies with deep historical roots, shared cultural traditions, and complex political relationships. Regional cooperation among these three countries has become increasingly important in addressing economic … Read more
Introduction The relationship between society and the environment has become one of the most urgent sociological concerns of the twenty-first century. In Australia, climate change is not merely a scientific or environmental issue; it is deeply embedded in social structures, economic systems, political debates, and cultural values. From catastrophic bushfires and prolonged droughts to coral … Read more
Introduction In the 21st century, media and technology have become central forces shaping social life across the globe. Australia, as a highly developed and digitally connected society, offers a rich context for understanding how media technologies influence culture, identity, power, inequality, and everyday social interactions. From traditional print and broadcast media to social networking platforms, … Read more