Hub Sociology Desk 
Introduction on Folkways and Mores Every day we move through a dense web of unwritten rules — the way we queue, greet, dress, celebrate, or show respect. These rules are often so ordinary that we barely notice them until someone breaks one. In sociological terms, many of these practices fall under the categories of folkways … Read more
Human beings are inherently social. From the family that nurtures a newborn to the online communities that connect strangers across continents, people organize themselves into groups to meet needs, express identities, and shape behaviour. In sociology, the study of social groups is central because groups are the primary units through which norms, values, roles, and … Read more
Introduction on Marriage among Muslims in India In the vast and complex tapestry of Indian society, Muslim marriage, or nikaah, represents a fascinating intersection of religious doctrine, social structure, and cultural adaptation. While often simplistically viewed through a purely religious lens, the institution of marriage among Indian Muslims is a rich sociological phenomenon. It is a … Read more
Introduction on Marriage in India In the vast and diverse landscape of Indian society, marriage is far more than a mere personal commitment or a religious ceremony; it is a fundamental social institution. It serves as the cornerstone of social structure, the primary mechanism for alliance between families, and a critical vehicle for the perpetuation … Read more
Introduction on Gram Sabha to Sammaan The landscape of rural India has been historically defined by a rigid social hierarchy, where power, resources, and voice were concentrated in the hands of a few dominant castes and classes. The constitutionalization of the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) through the 73rd Amendment Act of 1992 was not merely … Read more
Introduction of Panchayati Raj Institutions The introduction of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in India through the Balwant Rai Mehta Committee report of 1957 and its subsequent adoption, starting with Rajasthan on October 2, 1959, is often narrated as a political and administrative event—the decentralization of power. However, to view it merely through this lens is … Read more
Introduction Land reform has been one of the most significant policy interventions in post-independence India, aimed at restructuring agrarian relations, reducing inequalities, and enhancing rural productivity. From a sociological perspective, land reforms have not only altered the economic conditions of Indian villages but have also reshaped social hierarchies, caste dynamics, and power structures. Despite various … Read more
Introduction The Jajmani system was a traditional socio-economic arrangement in rural India that governed the exchange of goods and services among different castes. It was a reciprocal relationship between the landowning upper castes (Jajmans) and the service-providing lower castes (Kamins). This system, deeply rooted in the caste hierarchy, played a crucial role in maintaining social … Read more
Introduction on Kinship: Degrees and Types Kinship is one of the most fundamental social institutions in human societies, shaping relationships, inheritance, marriage, and social obligations. In India, kinship systems are deeply rooted in cultural, religious, and regional traditions, making them complex and diverse. The study of kinship in India provides insights into family structures, social … Read more
Introduction on Family and Household The family is one of the most fundamental social institutions in India, deeply rooted in cultural, religious, and historical traditions. It serves as the primary unit of socialization, economic support, and emotional bonding. In the Indian context, the family is not just a nuclear entity but often extends into a … Read more