HS Special Desk 
Introduction on Globalisation and Cultural Changes Globalisation, one of the most debated phenomena of the late 20th and 21st centuries, is not limited to economic integration or political interdependence. It is equally a cultural process that redefines identities, traditions, and social practices across the globe. The shrinking of time and space through advanced communication, technology, … Read more
Introduction on Globalization, Inequalities and Vulnerabilities Globalization is one of the most influential processes shaping contemporary societies. It refers to the intensification of worldwide social relations and interconnections that link distant localities in such a way that events in one part of the globe influence lives elsewhere. From the spread of multinational corporations to digital … Read more
Globalisation has become one of the most discussed concepts in sociology and the social sciences. It refers broadly to the growing interconnectedness of societies, economies, cultures, and politics across the globe. While most scholars agree that globalization is shaping the modern world, there is considerable debate regarding its scale, impact, and consequences. Among these debates, … Read more
Introduction on U.S.–India Trade Conflict On August 27, 2025, the United States imposed a 50% tariff on Indian exports, doubling the previous 25% rate. This move affected a wide range of goods—shrimp, textiles, gems, jewelry, furniture, and mentha oil—covering almost two-thirds of India’s annual $86 billion exports to the U.S. The justification from Washington was … Read more
Introduction on Information and Communication Technology The rise of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has transformed human societies in unprecedented ways. From the printing press to the internet and artificial intelligence, Information and Communication Technology has shaped how people communicate, access knowledge, build relationships, and organize their social, economic, and political lives. In sociology, Information … Read more
Introduction In the age of digitalization, power is no longer concentrated solely in political offices, religious institutions, or economic corporations. With the rise of social media platforms such as Instagram, YouTube, TikTok, and Twitter (X), a new arena of influence has emerged—one dominated by influencers. These individuals, often ordinary people turned digital celebrities, accumulate large … Read more
Introduction on Populism and Society Populism has emerged as one of the most influential political and social phenomena in the modern era. Across different regions—be it Latin America, Europe, Asia, or Africa—populist movements have been able to mobilize millions of people by emphasizing the idea that society is divided into two antagonistic groups: the “pure … Read more
Introduction Kyrgyzstan, a landlocked Central Asian state, is often described as a “crossroads of civilizations.” Historically, it has been home to nomadic Turkic peoples, Persian-speaking traders, Mongol invaders, and, more recently, Russian settlers during the Tsarist and Soviet periods. This historical layering of populations has produced a country that is ethnically diverse despite its relatively … Read more
Introduction The study of power, authority, and inequality lies at the heart of sociology, as societies are structured around the distribution of resources and decision-making capacities. Among the most significant contributions to the sociology of power is C. Wright Mills’s theory of the Power Elite, developed in his landmark book The Power Elite (1956). Mills, … Read more
Introduction In the history of sociological thought, Vilfredo Pareto occupies a distinctive place as both an economist and sociologist whose theories of social stratification and political dynamics continue to influence scholarship. Among his key contributions is the theory of the circulation of elites, which explores how ruling groups in society are continuously replaced, restructured, and … Read more