Introduction Poverty is one of the most persistent and complex social problems confronting human societies across time and space. Despite significant economic growth, technological advancement, and policy interventions, large sections of the global population continue to experience deprivation, insecurity, and marginalization. In sociology, poverty is not viewed merely as a lack of income but as … Read more
In contemporary sociology, the concepts of inclusion and exclusion occupy a central place in understanding how societies function, how groups interact, and how power is distributed. These processes determine who gets access to resources, opportunities, and recognition, and who remains marginalized or invisible. Although often discussed together, inclusion and exclusion are not merely opposites; they … Read more
Introduction Social exclusion and marginalization are critical concepts in sociology that describe the processes through which individuals or groups are systematically pushed to the fringes of society, denied access to resources, opportunities, and participation in social, economic, and political life. These phenomena reinforce inequality and perpetuate cycles of poverty, discrimination, and disempowerment. From a sociological … Read more