Social Change

Indigenous Peoples of North America: Social Change and Challenges

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Native American Communities: Culture, Inequality and Resistance – A Sociological Perspective

Introduction The Indigenous peoples of North America—comprising Native American tribes in the United States, First Nations, Métis, and Inuit in Canada, and diverse groups across Alaska and Greenland—possess deep-rooted histories that long predate European colonization. Their societies were built upon intricate systems of kinship, governance, spirituality, and ecological balance. However, colonial encounters dramatically disrupted these … Read more

Relationship between Population Growth and Economic Development

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Age and Sex Composition and Its Consequences: A Sociological Perspective

Introduction The relationship between population growth and economic development has long been a central theme in sociology, economics, and demography. While economists often approach it through productivity, capital accumulation, and labor supply, sociologists emphasize the human, cultural, and institutional dimensions that shape this relationship. Population growth not only affects the economic structure but also transforms … Read more

Youth Entrepreneurship: A Social Trend or Necessity?

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Abnormality: Meaning and Concept in Social Psychology

Introduction In the 21st century, youth entrepreneurship has emerged as one of the most dynamic forces shaping economies, cultures, and societies worldwide. From tech start-ups in Silicon Valley to small-scale businesses in developing nations, young people are increasingly taking charge of their economic destinies. The question arises—is youth entrepreneurship merely a social trend fueled by … Read more

Sociology of Cybersecurity: How Hackers Influence Modern Politics

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Sociology of Cybersecurity: How Hackers Influence Modern Politics

Introduction on Sociology of Cybersecurity In the 21st century, the digital realm has become the newest and perhaps the most influential social arena. With the rapid expansion of the internet, political communication, social movements, and even warfare have shifted from physical to virtual spaces. In this context, cybersecurity has evolved beyond a purely technical issue—it … Read more

Sociology of Work: Remote Jobs and Social Change

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AI Replacing Jobs: Marx’s Alienation in the Digital Age

Introduction Work has always been a central pillar of human life and social organization. It shapes our identities, social relationships, economic status, and daily routines. The sociology of work—an essential subfield of sociology—examines how work influences social life and how social structures, institutions, and cultural norms shape work itself. In the 21st century, one of … Read more

NGOs and Development: A Sociological Perspective

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Globalization and Development: A Sociological Perspective

Introduction on NGOs and Development In the modern era, development is not merely a process of economic growth but a multidimensional transformation involving social, political, and cultural change. While the state and market remain key actors in development, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have emerged as vital intermediaries in bridging the gap between people and policy. From … Read more

Lewis Coser’s Views on Conflict Theory: A Sociological Analysis

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Lewis A. Coser’s Views on Conflict Theory: A Sociological Analysis

Introduction Lewis Coser (1913–2003) stands as one of the most influential sociologists of the 20th century who reinterpreted the role of social conflict in modern societies. His work, “The Functions of Social Conflict” (1956), presented a strikingly different view from traditional sociological thinkers who saw conflict as a sign of social breakdown or instability. Coser, … Read more

Ralf Dahrendorf’s Views on Conflict Theory: A Sociological Analysis

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Ralf Dahrendorf’s Views on Conflict Theory: A Sociological Analysis

Introduction Ralf Dahrendorf (1929–2009) was a German-British sociologist, political scientist, and liberal thinker whose works significantly reshaped modern conflict theory in sociology. His most influential contribution lies in redefining social conflict within the framework of structural-functionalism and Marxism. At a time when Talcott Parsons and other functionalists emphasized social order, stability, and integration, Ralf Dahrendorf … Read more

Gender Inequality in the 21st Century: What Sociology Explains

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Age and Sex Composition and Its Consequences: A Sociological Perspective

Introduction Gender inequality continues to be one of the most persistent social problems of the 21st century, despite significant progress in education, employment, and political participation. From wage gaps to domestic labor divisions, from media portrayals to global representation, inequality based on gender persists in both visible and subtle forms. Sociology, as the systematic study … Read more

Structure and Growth of Modern Education in India: A Sociological Perspective

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Sociology, Education, Inequality, Cultural Capital, Hidden Curriculum, Globalization, Gender, Class, Bourdieu, Schooling

Introduction on Modern Education in India Education is one of the most powerful instruments for social transformation and human development. In the Indian context, the structure and growth of modern education reflect the nation’s historical transitions, social aspirations, and developmental needs. From the colonial period to post-independence reforms and the present globalized era, modern education … Read more