Introduction In the 19th century, Karl Marx revolutionized social thought by exposing the underlying dynamics of capitalism that shape human relations, labor, and consciousness. Among his most profound concepts is alienation, a condition that describes the estrangement of individuals from their work, the products they create, and ultimately from themselves and others. Marx’s theory of … Read more
Introduction In the 21st century, youth entrepreneurship has emerged as one of the most dynamic forces shaping economies, cultures, and societies worldwide. From tech start-ups in Silicon Valley to small-scale businesses in developing nations, young people are increasingly taking charge of their economic destinies. The question arises—is youth entrepreneurship merely a social trend fueled by … Read more
Introduction Lewis Coser (1913–2003) stands as one of the most influential sociologists of the 20th century who reinterpreted the role of social conflict in modern societies. His work, “The Functions of Social Conflict” (1956), presented a strikingly different view from traditional sociological thinkers who saw conflict as a sign of social breakdown or instability. Coser, … Read more
Introduction Ralf Dahrendorf (1929–2009) was a German-British sociologist, political scientist, and liberal thinker whose works significantly reshaped modern conflict theory in sociology. His most influential contribution lies in redefining social conflict within the framework of structural-functionalism and Marxism. At a time when Talcott Parsons and other functionalists emphasized social order, stability, and integration, Ralf Dahrendorf … Read more
Introduction on Simmel’s Social Types Georg Simmel, one of the founding figures of sociology, offered a unique perspective on social life. Unlike Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim, or Max Weber, who focused on large social structures or systems, Simmel turned his attention to the microscopic level of social interaction — the way people relate, connect, and … Read more