Urban poverty in India is not merely an economic condition; it is a complex social phenomenon shaped by history, policy, culture, and the changing nature of work and cities themselves. Over recent decades millions have moved into Indian towns and cities seeking better opportunities, yet too many arrive only to find precarious livelihoods, insecure housing, … Read more
Introduction In recent years, the United States has emerged as a global hub for high-skilled technology workers, attracting engineers, programmers, data scientists, and researchers from across the world. These workers play a crucial role in sustaining innovation, productivity, and global competitiveness. Yet, despite their economic value, many of them live under a persistent condition of … Read more
Introduction Income inequality in India has become one of the most debated social issues of the 21st century. While India has emerged as one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, the benefits of this growth have not been evenly distributed. A small section of society has accumulated unprecedented wealth, while a large population continues to struggle … Read more
Introduction Poverty is one of the most persistent and complex social problems confronting human societies across time and space. Despite significant economic growth, technological advancement, and policy interventions, large sections of the global population continue to experience deprivation, insecurity, and marginalization. In sociology, poverty is not viewed merely as a lack of income but as … Read more
Introduction on Media in Contemporary Times In contemporary society, media has evolved into one of the most influential social institutions, shaping identities, relationships, political consciousness, cultural patterns, and economic behavior. From traditional newspapers to digital social networking sites, each media form plays a distinct yet interconnected role in constructing social reality. Sociology views media not … Read more
Introduction In the digital age, memes have emerged as one of the most ubiquitous forms of communication. What began as humorous images shared on early internet forums has now evolved into a complex sociocultural phenomenon that influences public discourse, political engagement, identity formation, and everyday interactions. Memes are no longer limited to jokes; they are … Read more
Introduction In the 19th century, Karl Marx revolutionized social thought by exposing the underlying dynamics of capitalism that shape human relations, labor, and consciousness. Among his most profound concepts is alienation, a condition that describes the estrangement of individuals from their work, the products they create, and ultimately from themselves and others. Marx’s theory of … Read more
Introduction In the twenty-first century, homes have become more than mere living spaces — they have evolved into interactive ecosystems powered by artificial intelligence, sensors, and data-driven automation. The smart home — once a futuristic concept — is now an everyday reality in many urban and middle-class households. From smart speakers that respond to our … Read more
Introduction The 2025 mayoral victory of Zohran Kwame Mamdani in New York City represents more than a political upset — it signals a sociological transformation in the structure of urban democracy. His success as a young, progressive, and Muslim candidate of Indian-Ugandan origin reveals how shifting demographics, economic pressures, identity politics, and generational realignments are … Read more
Introduction The U.S.–Mexico border is one of the most politically charged, culturally dynamic, and sociologically complex spaces in the world. Stretching nearly 2,000 miles from the Pacific Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico, it is not just a geopolitical boundary dividing two nations — it is a social, cultural, and economic frontier where globalization, migration, … Read more