Introduction Karl Marx remains one of the most influential figures in the history of social thought. His critique of capitalism was not merely economic but deeply sociological, seeking to uncover how the structure of society affects human life and consciousness. Among his profound contributions, the concept of alienation (Entfremdung) occupies a central place. Alienation, according … Read more
Introduction Karl Marx remains one of the most influential figures in sociology, not only because of his comprehensive critique of capitalism but also for his conceptualization of class conflict as the driving force of historical development. His ideas transcend economics and political theory, deeply embedding themselves in the sociological imagination. Marx viewed society as an … Read more
Introduction Leela Dube (1923-2012) was a prominent Indian sociologist and feminist scholar whose work critically examined the intersections of gender, kinship, and patriarchy in South Asia. Her research focused on understanding how patriarchal structures persist and transform within the household, community, and state, particularly in the context of modernization. One of her significant contributions is … Read more
Introduction on Concept of Habitus and Capital Pierre Bourdieu, one of the most influential sociologists of the 20th century, developed key concepts that have profoundly shaped contemporary sociological thought. Among his most significant contributions are the concepts of habitus and capital, which he used to analyze social structures, power dynamics, and cultural reproduction. Bourdieu’s theories provide a framework … Read more
Introduction In an effort to close the gap between structure and agency in sociological theory, renowned British sociologist Anthony Giddens developed Structuration Theory in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The theory seeks to resolve the long-standing debate between structuralist perspectives, which emphasize the constraints of social systems, and interpretivist approaches, which focus on individual actions and meanings. Giddens … Read more
Introduction on Giddens’ Concept of Modernity Anthony Giddens, a prominent British sociologist, has made significant contributions to the understanding of modernity, particularly through his theories on late modernity, structuration, and globalization. His conceptualization of modernity moves beyond classical sociological theories by emphasizing the dynamic and transformative nature of contemporary societies. Giddens argues that modernity is … Read more
Introduction Edward Said’s Orientalism (1978) is one of the most influential works in postcolonial studies, cultural criticism, and sociology. The book examines how Western scholarship, literature, and political discourse have constructed a distorted and stereotypical image of the “Orient”—primarily the Middle East, Asia, and North Africa. Said argues that Orientalism is not just an academic discipline but … Read more
Introduction on Foucault’s Concept of Discourse Michel Foucault, one of the most influential postmodern thinkers of the 20th century, revolutionized the way we understand power, knowledge, and social institutions. Central to his work is the concept of discourse, which refers to the structured ways in which language, ideas, and practices shape social reality. For Foucault, discourse … Read more
Introduction on Concept of Power Michel Foucault (1926–1984), a French philosopher and social theorist, revolutionized the understanding of power in sociology. Unlike traditional theories that view power as a centralized, repressive force held by institutions or elites, Foucault conceptualized power as diffuse, relational, and productive. His ideas challenge conventional Marxist and Weberian perspectives, offering a … Read more
Introduction on Derrida and Deconstruction The French philosopher Jacques Derrida (1930–2004) is most recognized for creating the idea of deconstruction, a critical method of comprehending language, literature, and social institutions. While deconstruction originated in literary theory and philosophy, its implications extend deeply into sociology, offering a radical way to analyze power, meaning, and social institutions. … Read more