Canadian society is often portrayed as egalitarian, inclusive, and socially progressive. With its strong welfare system, multicultural policies, and emphasis on social mobility, Canada is commonly viewed as a country where class barriers are relatively weak compared to other capitalist nations. However, a sociological examination of class and stratification in Canada reveals a more complex … Read more
Introduction on Globalization and Social Change Globalization has emerged as one of the most transformative forces shaping societies in the 21st century. North America—particularly the United States, Canada, and Mexico—stands at the crossroads of global economic, cultural, and political flows that have redefined social life in profound ways. From changes in labor markets and migration … Read more
Introduction Education in the United States has long been viewed as a pathway to opportunity, mobility, and democratic participation. Yet, sociological research consistently shows that schools often reproduce social inequalities rather than eliminate them. The relationship between education reforms and social justice in U.S. schools is therefore a central concern of sociology, as it reveals … Read more
Introduction The relationship between race and policing in the United States has been one of the most enduring and contested issues in American social life. From slave patrols in the colonial era to contemporary debates around police violence, racial profiling, and mass incarceration, policing has been deeply intertwined with systems of racial hierarchy. Sociologically, policing … Read more
Introduction on Homelessness and Housing Inequality Homelessness in the United States is not merely the absence of a physical roof; it is a complex social condition produced by structural economic forces, historical injustices, public policy decisions, and everyday social interactions. In recent years the problem has intensified: official counts and service providers report rising numbers … Read more
Introduction Immigration has been a defining feature of the United States since its formation. From Indigenous displacement and European colonization to contemporary debates over borders, refugees, and undocumented migrants, immigration policies have continuously shaped American society. While political science and law often focus on borders, visas, and enforcement mechanisms, sociology examines immigration as a social … Read more
Introduction In the twenty-first century, social life in the United States has become deeply intertwined with digital technologies. From everyday communication to political mobilization, from identity formation to economic activities, social media platforms have transformed how Americans interact, express themselves, and understand the world. Digital sociology emerges as a vital subfield of sociology that examines … Read more
Introduction Healthcare inequality in the United States is one of the most persistent and debated social problems in contemporary society. Despite being one of the wealthiest nations in the world and spending more per capita on healthcare than any other country, the United States continues to experience deep disparities in access, quality, and health outcomes … Read more
Introduction The family has long been regarded as a fundamental social institution in American society. Traditionally viewed as a stable unit consisting of a married heterosexual couple and their biological children, the American family was once considered the cornerstone of social order, moral values, and economic stability. However, over the last century—especially since the mid-twentieth … Read more
Introduction on Gender Inequality and Feminist Movements Gender inequality has been one of the most persistent forms of social inequality in the United States. Despite constitutional guarantees of equality and decades of social reform, disparities based on gender continue to shape access to education, employment, political power, healthcare, and social recognition. Sociology approaches gender inequality … Read more