Basic Sociology

Accommodation, Integration, Acculturation and Assimilation in Sociological Aspect

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Accommodation, Integration, Acculturation and Assimilation in Sociological Aspect

Introduction Human societies are dynamic and constantly changing. Throughout history, individuals and groups have interacted across boundaries of culture, class, ethnicity, religion, and language. These encounters often bring cooperation and mutual learning but may also lead to conflict, tension, or domination. Sociology, as the study of social life, provides important conceptual tools to understand how … Read more

Cooperation, Competition and Conflict in Social Processes: A Sociological Perspective

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Relationship with Sociology and Psychology

Introduction Human society is a complex network of interactions, relationships, and institutions. At the heart of these interactions lie several fundamental social processes that shape individual behavior, group dynamics, and broader social structures. Among them, cooperation, competition, and conflict are particularly significant, as they govern how individuals and groups relate to one another in both … Read more

Culture Contact and Culture Conflict in Sociological Aspect

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Culture Contact and Culture Conflict

Introduction Human societies are not static; they continuously evolve through interaction, exchange, and adaptation. One of the most significant factors shaping social change is the encounter between different cultures. This encounter is often referred to as culture contact, a process that occurs when individuals or groups from distinct cultural backgrounds interact. Culture contact may generate … Read more

Cultural Lag Theory in Sociology: Meaning, Causes and Contemporary Relevance

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Cultural Lag in Sociology: Meaning, Causes, and Contemporary Relevance

Introduction Societies are dynamic entities, constantly shaped by innovations, interactions, and historical transformations. Yet, cultural change does not always proceed uniformly. In sociology, this discrepancy between different aspects of culture is explained through the concept of “Cultural Lag.” The term, coined by sociologist William Fielding Ogburn in the early 20th century, highlights how material and … Read more

Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism in Sociological Aspect

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Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism in Sociological Aspect

Introduction on Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Human societies are marked by immense cultural diversity. Each group, community, or nation develops its own way of life that encompasses language, traditions, norms, values, religion, food habits, and social institutions. Sociology, as the scientific study of human society, pays close attention to how people perceive, interpret, and evaluate … Read more

Culture Contents in the Sociological Aspect

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Culture Contents in the Sociological Aspect

Culture is one of the most fundamental concepts in sociology, encompassing the ideas, values, practices, and material expressions through which human beings give meaning to their collective existence. While society represents the network of social relationships, culture constitutes the symbolic and material framework that gives coherence to those relationships. To understand culture, sociologists not only … Read more

Folkways and Mores in Society — A Sociological Exploration

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Contemporary Neo-Functionalism and Jeffrey Alexander

Introduction on Folkways and Mores Every day we move through a dense web of unwritten rules — the way we queue, greet, dress, celebrate, or show respect. These rules are often so ordinary that we barely notice them until someone breaks one. In sociological terms, many of these practices fall under the categories of folkways … Read more

Meaning of Culture in the Sociological Aspect

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Human Development in Sociological Aspect

Culture is one of the most fundamental concepts in sociology, shaping human behavior, thought, and social interaction. It is the shared way of life of a people—encompassing their beliefs, values, customs, traditions, language, arts, and social practices. From the sociological perspective, culture is not merely an abstract idea but a living force that structures society, … Read more

Norms and Values in Society

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Peasant and Tribal Movements in India: A Sociological Perspective

Introduction on Norms and Values In the study of sociology, norms and values are foundational concepts that shape the behaviour, expectations, and cohesion of any social group. While often used together, norms and values occupy distinct but interrelated positions in the social fabric: values represent general beliefs about what is desirable or worthwhile, whereas norms … Read more

Meaning and Types of Social Groups — A Sociological Perspective

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Characteristics of Indian Village Community: A Sociological Perspective

Human beings are inherently social. From the family that nurtures a newborn to the online communities that connect strangers across continents, people organize themselves into groups to meet needs, express identities, and shape behaviour. In sociology, the study of social groups is central because groups are the primary units through which norms, values, roles, and … Read more