Hub Sociology Desk

Development and Environmental Hazards in Cities: A Sociological Perspective

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Development and Environmental Hazards in Cities: A Sociological Perspective

Introduction on Development and Environmental Hazards Urban development has long been celebrated as a sign of progress, modernity, and human achievement. Cities represent centers of economic growth, technological innovation, and cultural exchange. Yet, beneath this apparent advancement lies a complex reality—rapid urbanization often brings severe environmental hazards. From air and water pollution to waste management … Read more

State and Development: A Sociological Perspective

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State and Development: A Sociological Perspective

Introduction on State and Development The relationship between the state and development has long been one of the central themes in sociology and political economy. The state, as a structured system of governance, plays a vital role in shaping economic growth, social welfare, and cultural transformation. Development, on the other hand, refers to the progressive … Read more

Gandhian Model of Development: A Sociological Perspective

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Introduction on Gandhian Model of Development The Gandhian model of development represents a holistic vision that integrates economic progress with moral, social, and spiritual well-being. Unlike the Western industrial model, which emphasizes material growth and technological expansion, Mahatma Gandhi’s development philosophy cantered around human dignity, community welfare, and ecological harmony. From a sociological standpoint, the … Read more

World System Theory on Development: A Sociological Perspective

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Social Inequality in the Age of Billionaires: A Sociological Perspective

Introduction The study of global development has long been shaped by competing theories that attempt to explain why some nations prosper while others remain economically and politically marginalized. Among these, World System Theory—pioneered by sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein in the 1970s—offers one of the most influential frameworks for understanding global inequality. Unlike modernization theory, which assumes … Read more

Louis Althusser’s Views on Conflict Theory: A Sociological Analysis

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Louis Althusser’s Views on Conflict Theory: A Sociological Analysis

Introduction on Louis Althusser’s Views on Conflict Theory Louis Althusser (1918–1990), a French Marxist philosopher, made profound contributions to social theory by reinterpreting Karl Marx’s ideas through a structuralist framework. While not traditionally classified as a “conflict theorist” in the same vein as Marx, Weber, or Dahrendorf, Althusser’s work nonetheless fits within the broader landscape … Read more

Ralf Dahrendorf’s Views on Conflict Theory: A Sociological Analysis

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Ralf Dahrendorf’s Views on Conflict Theory: A Sociological Analysis

Introduction Ralf Dahrendorf (1929–2009) was a German-British sociologist, political scientist, and liberal thinker whose works significantly reshaped modern conflict theory in sociology. His most influential contribution lies in redefining social conflict within the framework of structural-functionalism and Marxism. At a time when Talcott Parsons and other functionalists emphasized social order, stability, and integration, Ralf Dahrendorf … Read more

Observation in Social Research: A Sociological Perspective

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Observation in Social Research: A Sociological Perspective

Introduction on Observation in Social Research Observation is one of the oldest and most fundamental methods in social research. It involves systematically watching, listening to, and recording social phenomena as they occur in their natural settings. In sociology, observation helps researchers understand the everyday behavior, interactions, and experiences of individuals and groups in society. Unlike … Read more

Political Factionalism in Rural Society: A Sociological Perspective

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Political Factionalism in Rural Society: A Sociological Perspective

Introduction Political factionalism in rural society refers to the division of a community into rival groups or factions based on political allegiance, caste, kinship, religion, or local interests. It is a widespread phenomenon in rural India, where social and political life are deeply intertwined. Unlike urban politics, which often revolves around ideological or party-based competition, … Read more

Unemployment and Indebtedness of Rural Society: A Sociological Perspective

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Commercialization of Agriculture: A Sociological Perspective

Introduction on Unemployment and Indebtedness Rural society forms the backbone of most developing nations, including India, where agriculture and allied activities are the main sources of livelihood. However, rural communities face persistent issues of unemployment and indebtedness, which have far-reaching social, economic, and psychological consequences. These two interlinked problems not only hinder rural development but … Read more

Cooperatives in Rural Society: A Sociological Perspective

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Introduction Rural societies across the world have long been characterized by close-knit communities, traditional economies, and collective modes of production. Within this context, cooperatives have emerged as an important institution for promoting social and economic development. A cooperative is a voluntary association of individuals who come together to meet common needs—economic, social, or cultural—through a … Read more