Hub Sociology Desk 
Urbanization is one of the defining phenomena of the modern era. As cities expand to accommodate growing populations, they face unprecedented challenges, with environmental pollution emerging as a critical concern. From toxic air quality to contaminated water systems, urban areas are often epicenters of ecological degradation. While scientific and technological analyses dominate discussions about pollution, … Read more
Child labour is a pervasive issue that has plagued societies for centuries, and its persistence in the modern era is a stark reminder of the inequalities and challenges that accompany urbanisation. Urbanisation, the process by which rural areas transform into urban centres, is often associated with economic growth, technological advancement, and improved living standards. However, … Read more
Urbanisation, the process by which rural areas transform into urban centers, has been a defining feature of modern society. While urbanisation has brought economic growth, technological advancements, and improved living standards for many, it has also given rise to significant social challenges. Among these, the emergence of slums and ghettos stands out as a stark … Read more
Introduction on Westernization and Social Change India, a land of diverse cultures, traditions, and histories, has undergone significant social transformations over the centuries. One of the most profound influences on Indian society in the modern era has been the process of westernization. Westernization, as a sociological concept, refers to the adoption of Western cultural, economic, … Read more
India, a land of diverse cultures, religions, and traditions, has been a melting pot of social change and transformation over centuries. Among the many religions that have shaped its social fabric, Islam holds a significant place. Introduced to India in the 7th century through trade and later consolidated by various dynasties, Islam has played a … Read more
The concept of Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in India is deeply rooted in the country’s complex social structure, which has been shaped by centuries of caste-based stratification. OBCs represent a diverse group of communities that have historically faced social, educational, and economic disadvantages due to their position in the traditional caste hierarchy. The identification and … Read more
Scheduled Tribes (STs) are among the most marginalized and vulnerable communities in India. They represent a significant segment of the population, characterized by distinct cultural, social, and economic identities. The Indian Constitution recognizes these communities as Scheduled Tribes, granting them special protections and privileges to address historical injustices and socio-economic disparities. This article delves into … Read more
Scheduled Castes (SCs) represent one of the most marginalized and historically disadvantaged groups in Indian society. The term “Scheduled Castes” was first introduced in the Government of India Act, 1935, and later adopted by the Indian Constitution to identify and provide affirmative action for communities that have faced centuries of social, economic, and political exclusion. … Read more
Thorstein Veblen (1857–1929) was a pioneering American sociologist and economist known for his critical analysis of capitalism and social change. His work, particularly The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899), introduced concepts such as conspicuous consumption and the leisure class, which remain fundamental in understanding modern consumerism and social stratification. Veblen’s functional analysis provides a … Read more
Thorstein Veblen, a pioneering American sociologist and economist, introduced the concepts of “leisure class” and “conspicuous consumption” in his seminal work, The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899). His analysis critiques the socio-economic structure of capitalist societies, where wealth and status are demonstrated through non-productive activities and excessive consumption. Veblen’s theories remain relevant in understanding … Read more