Introduction Japan stands as one of the most advanced societies in the world—technologically, economically, and demographically unique. Among its defining social challenges is the phenomenon of rapid population aging. With nearly 30% of its citizens aged 65 and above, Japan has become the world’s oldest nation by proportion of elderly. This demographic transformation—known as kōreika … Read more
Introduction on Family Values Family is one of the most enduring social institutions that shapes cultural identity, moral systems, and social behaviour. In East Asia, particularly in Japan, South Korea, and China, family values form the backbone of societal organization and individual conduct. Despite the pressures of globalization, modernization, and demographic changes, the traditional East … Read more
Introduction on Sociology of Religion Religion has always been one of the most significant institutions in human civilization, shaping moral codes, cultural values, and collective identities. Yet, in the contemporary era marked by rationalization, globalization, and secularization, religion faces new challenges and transformations. The sociology of religion studies this dynamic relationship between faith and society … Read more
Introduction Confucianism, one of the most influential philosophical and ethical systems in the world, has profoundly shaped the social structures, cultural norms, and moral frameworks of East Asian societies for over two millennia. Originating from the teachings of Confucius (Kong Fuzi, 551–479 BCE) in ancient China, Confucianism transcended its philosophical roots to become a sociocultural … Read more
Introduction on Rural-Urban Differences The distinction between rural and urban societies has been a central theme in sociology since its inception. Sociologists like Ferdinand Tönnies, Emile Durkheim, and Robert Redfield have explored how patterns of life, social structures, and values differ between rural and urban settings. While both are integral parts of the same national … Read more