Introduction on Tribal Social Stratification Social stratification, in its simplest sense, refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals or groups in society based on various socio-economic, cultural, or political criteria. While stratification is often associated with large, complex societies—through class, caste, race, or status divisions—it is equally relevant in the study of tribal communities. Tribal … Read more
Introduction on Industrial Social Stratification Social stratification has always been a central theme in sociology, referring to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals or groups in a society based on wealth, power, prestige, and access to resources. While stratification existed in pre-industrial societies through feudalism, caste, or slavery, the rise of industrial society introduced new patterns … Read more
Introduction on Digital Inclusion in India In the 21st century, digital technology has become a transformative force shaping economies, politics, and societies worldwide. In India, a nation with immense diversity in terms of caste, class, gender, religion, and geography, the concept of digital inclusion carries a deeper sociological meaning. It is not merely about access … Read more
Introduction on ICT and Empowerment in India The 21st century has witnessed the rapid growth of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a transformative force shaping societies across the globe. In India, a country with deep-rooted social hierarchies, diverse cultures, and uneven development, ICT has emerged as both a challenge and an opportunity. From mobile … Read more
Introduction on Digital Divide in India In the 21st century, access to digital technologies has become as vital as access to education, health care, or economic opportunities. The “digital divide” refers to the gap between individuals, groups, or regions that have access to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)—computers, internet, mobile phones, broadband—and those who do … Read more
Introduction In the contemporary era, society is deeply shaped by the rapid advancement of digital technologies. The internet, mobile devices, and digital platforms have transformed communication, education, economy, governance, and even personal identities. However, these transformations have not been equally accessible to all. The gap between individuals, groups, and societies in terms of access to … Read more
Introduction on Women’s Movements in India Women’s movements in India represent one of the most significant social movements in modern history, addressing questions of gender equality, social justice, and human rights. Rooted in the struggle against patriarchal structures, these movements evolved in tandem with broader socio-political changes—colonialism, nationalism, independence, modernization, and globalization. From fighting for … Read more
Introduction on Backward Class Movement in India The history of Indian society has been profoundly shaped by the dynamics of caste, class, and power. Among the major social movements in modern India, the Backward Class Movement occupies a central place in challenging hierarchical inequalities and striving toward social justice. The term “Backward Classes” primarily refers … Read more
Introduction on Peasant and Tribal Movements in India Peasant and tribal movements form a significant part of India’s socio-political history. Rooted in economic exploitation, social marginalization, and political exclusion, these movements highlight the struggles of the agrarian and indigenous population to assert their rights and dignity. A sociological study of these movements provides insights into … Read more
Introduction on Theories of Social Movement Groups of people working together to resist or promote social change are known as social movements. They emerge from discontent, inequality, or aspirations for justice and progress, and they play a transformative role in shaping societies. From the civil rights movement in the United States to environmental activism in … Read more