Introduction In sociological research, the collection of data is a fundamental step that determines the validity and reliability of the findings. Sampling—selecting a portion of the population for study—plays a crucial role in this process. While probability sampling ensures that every individual has an equal chance of selection, non-probability sampling does not follow this principle. … Read more
Introduction In the field of sociology, research plays a vital role in understanding social structures, human behavior, and societal changes. To ensure that sociological research produces valid and generalizable results, researchers must carefully choose how they select participants or cases for their studies. One of the most scientific and widely used methods for this is … Read more
Introduction In sociology, research plays a vital role in understanding human behavior, social institutions, and cultural patterns. However, studying an entire population is often impractical due to constraints of time, cost, and logistics. This is where sampling becomes an essential research technique. Sampling allows sociologists to study a manageable portion of a population and draw … Read more
Introduction Sociology, as a scientific study of society, has long aimed to understand patterns of social behavior, structures, and change. To achieve this, sociologists use various methods of research to gather data and draw conclusions. One of the most systematic and objective approaches among these is quantitative research. Quantitative research in sociology focuses on numerical … Read more
Introduction Sociology, as the study of human society and social behavior, requires methods that capture the richness and complexity of social life. Among the two broad methodological traditions—quantitative and qualitative—qualitative research occupies a special position. It seeks to explore meanings, experiences, and interpretations rather than numerical patterns. In sociological inquiry, qualitative research enables scholars to … Read more
Introduction on Interview and Questionnaire In the field of sociology, understanding human behavior, social structures, and cultural patterns requires systematic methods of data collection. Two of the most widely used techniques in social research are the interview and the questionnaire. These tools enable sociologists to gather primary data directly from individuals or groups, allowing them … Read more
Introduction on Observation in Social Research Observation is one of the oldest and most fundamental methods in social research. It involves systematically watching, listening to, and recording social phenomena as they occur in their natural settings. In sociology, observation helps researchers understand the everyday behavior, interactions, and experiences of individuals and groups in society. Unlike … Read more
Introduction on Problem of Objectivity Objectivity lies at the heart of all scientific inquiry. It refers to the ability to observe, analyze, and present findings without personal bias, emotion, or preconceived notions. In natural sciences, maintaining objectivity is relatively straightforward because experiments can be repeated under controlled conditions. However, in social research, where human beings … Read more
Introduction on Nature of Social Research Social research is the systematic and scientific study of human society, its structures, relationships, and processes. It aims to understand the complex web of social phenomena — including human behavior, institutions, and cultural norms — through empirical observation and logical analysis. In sociology, social research serves as the foundation … Read more
Introduction Social research forms the backbone of sociology as a discipline. It is through systematic and scientific investigation that sociologists are able to understand, explain, and predict human social behavior. Society is a complex web of relationships, institutions, norms, and values that continuously evolve. To comprehend such dynamic realities, social research provides essential tools and … Read more