Introduction Social gerontology is a multidisciplinary field that examines the social aspects of aging. It explores how aging influences and is influenced by social structures, cultural norms, and interpersonal relationships. As a subfield of sociology, social gerontology focuses on understanding the experiences of older adults within societal contexts, including family dynamics, economic conditions, healthcare systems, … Read more
Introduction Social policy is a crucial field within sociology that examines how societies address social issues, distribute resources, and ensure the well-being of their citizens. It encompasses government actions, institutional frameworks, and societal norms that shape welfare systems, healthcare, education, housing, and employment. From a sociological perspective, social policy reflects power dynamics, ideological influences, and … Read more
Introduction Social anthropology, as an academic discipline, studies human societies, cultures, and social institutions through empirical research and comparative analysis. In India, the emergence and development of social anthropology have been deeply influenced by colonial history, indigenous intellectual traditions, and post-independence nation-building processes. Unlike Western anthropology, which often studied “other” cultures from a distance, Indian … Read more
As we move deeper into the 21st century, the role of digital technology in reshaping our society is becoming increasingly evident. From online education and telemedicine to digital marketplaces and algorithmic governance, the digital turn has transformed almost every sphere of human life. Recognizing the pressing need to critically examine these changes, SWAYAM, India’s premier … Read more
Introduction on Diagrammatic and Graphic Representation In sociological research, data collection and analysis are fundamental to understanding social phenomena. However, raw data alone may not effectively communicate patterns, trends, or relationships. To make data more accessible and interpretable, sociologists use various diagrammatic and graphic representations. These visual tools help summarize complex data, highlight key findings, … Read more
Introduction Jürgen Habermas, one of the most influential contemporary sociologists and philosophers, developed the Theory of Communicative Action as a critical framework for understanding modern society. Published in 1981 in his two-volume work, The Theory of Communicative Action, Habermas seeks to reconstruct critical theory by shifting focus from instrumental rationality to communicative rationality. This theory provides a sociological lens … Read more
Introduction on NGOs and Social Services Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a crucial role in providing social services, advocating for human rights, and addressing socio-economic inequalities. From a sociological perspective, NGOs function as intermediaries between the state, market, and civil society, often filling gaps left by governmental inefficiencies or market failures. They operate in diverse fields … Read more
Introduction on NGOs and Finance Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a crucial role in addressing social, economic, and environmental issues worldwide. They operate in diverse fields such as poverty alleviation, education, healthcare, human rights, and environmental conservation. However, the financial aspects of NGOs are deeply intertwined with sociological dynamics, influencing their operations, credibility, and effectiveness. This … Read more
Introduction on NGO Composition Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have become significant actors in contemporary society, addressing social, economic, environmental, and political issues. From a sociological standpoint, NGOs are not just service providers but also social institutions that reflect and influence power structures, cultural norms, and collective behavior. Understanding the composition of NGOs—their structure, membership, funding, and … Read more
Introduction on “Types of NGOs” Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a crucial role in addressing social, economic, and political issues worldwide. From grassroots activism to international advocacy, NGOs function as intermediaries between the state, market, and civil society. Sociologically, NGOs can be analyzed based on their objectives, operational scope, funding sources, and ideological orientations. Understanding the … Read more