Introduction on Governmentality and Risk In contemporary sociology, the concepts of governmentality and risk have become central to understanding how modern societies are organized, regulated, and disciplined. The term governmentality was developed by Michel Foucault in the late 1970s to describe the rationalities, techniques, and practices through which populations are governed. It shifts attention from … Read more
Introduction on Risk in Mass Media In contemporary society, risk has become a central theme in public life. Risks are not only material or environmental but also discursive, shaped by how they are represented, circulated, and understood in the public domain. Among the most influential institutions in shaping public perception of risk is the mass … Read more
Introduction In the contemporary world, globalization has interconnected societies, economies, and cultures at an unprecedented scale. Yet, alongside its promises of growth and development, globalization has deepened inequalities across the globe. The widening gap between wealthy and poor nations, as well as disparities within societies, exposes marginalized populations to heightened risks and vulnerabilities. The phrase … Read more
Introduction on Factors of Abnormal Behaviour Human behaviour is shaped by a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social forces. While most behaviours are considered normal and socially acceptable, certain patterns deviate significantly from societal expectations and are classified as abnormal behaviour. In sociology and social psychology, abnormal behaviour is understood not only as a … Read more
Introduction The study of abnormality has long been central to psychology and sociology alike. While psychology largely examines abnormality as a deviation from mental, emotional, or behavioral norms, sociology places it within a broader social context. Social psychology, positioned at the intersection of these two disciplines, provides a more nuanced understanding by analyzing how social … Read more
Introduction The idea of reflexive modernization emerged in late 20th-century sociological debates, particularly through the works of Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens, who analyzed the transformations of modern societies under the conditions of global risk, advanced technology, and changing social relations. Unlike classical modernization theory, which focused on industrialization, rationalization, and linear progress, reflexive modernization … Read more
Introduction on Perception and Management of Risk Risk is an inseparable element of social life. Every human society, whether traditional or modern, faces uncertainties that threaten its stability and well-being. From natural disasters and health crises to technological hazards and financial instability, risk is embedded in everyday existence. However, the way societies perceive risk and … Read more
Introduction on Theory of Risk Society of Modernity The transformation of societies in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries has led to new forms of challenges that transcend traditional boundaries of class, geography, and politics. Among the thinkers who deeply analyzed these transformations, Ulrich Beck, a German sociologist, stands out for introducing the concept … Read more
Introduction on Vulnerability and Risk Assessment In the modern world, individuals, communities and societies constantly encounter risks ranging from natural disasters to technological hazards, economic insecurities, and social inequalities. The ability to understand and manage these risks is not only a technical or environmental issue but also deeply rooted in sociological realities. Vulnerability and risk … Read more
Introduction on Hazards and Disasters Hazards and disasters are often understood in terms of physical destruction, economic loss, or environmental degradation. However, they are also profoundly social phenomena. While a hazard refers to a potential threat arising from natural or human-induced causes, a disaster occurs when that hazard interacts with human vulnerability and social structures, … Read more