Hub Sociology Desk 
As we move deeper into the 21st century, the role of digital technology in reshaping our society is becoming increasingly evident. From online education and telemedicine to digital marketplaces and algorithmic governance, the digital turn has transformed almost every sphere of human life. Recognizing the pressing need to critically examine these changes, SWAYAM, India’s premier … Read more
Introduction In social research, statistical measures are essential for analyzing and interpreting data related to human behavior, social structures, and economic conditions. While the arithmetic mean is widely used, the geometric mean offers unique advantages in certain sociological contexts, particularly when dealing with skewed distributions, multiplicative relationships, and normalized growth rates. This article explores the concept of … Read more
Introduction In sociology, understanding social phenomena requires analyzing large sets of data related to human behavior, economic conditions, education, crime rates, and more. To make sense of this data, sociologists rely on measures of central tendency—mean, median and mode—which help summarize and interpret complex social patterns. These statistical tools allow researchers to identify trends, compare … Read more
Introduction on Diagrammatic and Graphic Representation In sociological research, data collection and analysis are fundamental to understanding social phenomena. However, raw data alone may not effectively communicate patterns, trends, or relationships. To make data more accessible and interpretable, sociologists use various diagrammatic and graphic representations. These visual tools help summarize complex data, highlight key findings, … Read more
Introduction The Subaltern Studies collective, spearheaded by historian Ranajit Guha, emerged in the 1980s as a critical intervention in historiography and social sciences. It sought to challenge elitist narratives of history by focusing on the marginalized and oppressed sections of society—the “subalterns.” Guha’s work has had a profound impact on sociology, postcolonial studies, and critical … Read more
Introduction on Nationalist Understanding of India Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister, was not just a political leader but also a key intellectual figure who shaped the nationalist understanding of India. His vision of India was deeply rooted in a sociological imagination that sought to reconcile tradition with modernity, diversity with unity, and socialism with … Read more
Introduction on Colonial Understanding of Indian Society Bernard S. Cohn (1928–2003) was a prominent anthropologist and historian whose work significantly contributed to the understanding of colonial India from a sociological perspective. His research focused on how British colonial rule shaped Indian society, culture, and administrative structures. Cohn’s works are essential in postcolonial studies, as they … Read more
Introduction Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer’s Dialectics of Enlightenment (1947) is one of the most influential works of critical theory, offering a profound critique of modernity, rationality, and the Enlightenment’s legacy. Written during their exile in the United States amid the horrors of World War II and the Holocaust, the book presents a bleak diagnosis of modern … Read more
Introduction Jürgen Habermas, one of the most influential contemporary sociologists and philosophers, developed the Theory of Communicative Action as a critical framework for understanding modern society. Published in 1981 in his two-volume work, The Theory of Communicative Action, Habermas seeks to reconstruct critical theory by shifting focus from instrumental rationality to communicative rationality. This theory provides a sociological lens … Read more
Introduction Jürgen Habermas, a leading figure in contemporary critical theory, has made significant contributions to sociology, philosophy, and political theory. One of his most prominent concepts is the dichotomy between the lifeworld (Lebenswelt) and the system, which he elaborates in his Theory of Communicative Action (1981). This framework provides a critical lens to understand modern society’s structural transformations, the colonization … Read more