Hub Sociology Desk 
Introduction on Caste and Political Elite The relationship between caste and political elite in India remains one of the most defining aspects of the country’s democratic and sociological landscape. Caste, a historically entrenched system of social stratification, has not only influenced individual identity and community life but has also shaped political representation, power distribution, and … Read more
Introduction on Power and the State The analysis of power and the state has long been central to sociology, with Karl Marx standing as one of the most influential thinkers in shaping modern discourse on these themes. Marx’s understanding of power and the state cannot be separated from his broader theoretical framework of historical materialism, … Read more
Introduction on Islam and Secularism in Central Asian Societies Central Asia, comprising Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, represents one of the most fascinating laboratories for studying the coexistence of religion and secularism. The region, situated at the crossroads of Islamic civilization, Soviet socialism, and post-Soviet nation-building, reflects complex social dynamics where Islam and secularism … Read more
Introduction Georg Simmel (1858–1918), a founding figure in sociology, is often celebrated for his unique approach that fused philosophy, sociology, and cultural analysis. Unlike many of his contemporaries such as Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim, or Max Weber, Simmel focused less on grand social structures and more on everyday interactions and patterns of association. His sociology … Read more
Introduction Karl Marx remains one of the most influential figures in the history of social thought. His critique of capitalism was not merely economic but deeply sociological, seeking to uncover how the structure of society affects human life and consciousness. Among his profound contributions, the concept of alienation (Entfremdung) occupies a central place. Alienation, according … Read more
Introduction Suicide has long been a topic of moral, psychological, and religious concern. Traditionally, philosophers and theologians explained it as an act of individual weakness, sin, or psychological abnormality. However, in the late nineteenth century, French sociologist Émile Durkheim revolutionized the study of suicide by interpreting it through a sociological lens. His book “Le Suicide” … Read more
Introduction Human societies are dynamic and constantly changing. Throughout history, individuals and groups have interacted across boundaries of culture, class, ethnicity, religion, and language. These encounters often bring cooperation and mutual learning but may also lead to conflict, tension, or domination. Sociology, as the study of social life, provides important conceptual tools to understand how … Read more
Introduction Human societies are not static; they continuously evolve through interaction, exchange, and adaptation. One of the most significant factors shaping social change is the encounter between different cultures. This encounter is often referred to as culture contact, a process that occurs when individuals or groups from distinct cultural backgrounds interact. Culture contact may generate … Read more
Introduction on Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Human societies are marked by immense cultural diversity. Each group, community, or nation develops its own way of life that encompasses language, traditions, norms, values, religion, food habits, and social institutions. Sociology, as the scientific study of human society, pays close attention to how people perceive, interpret, and evaluate … Read more
Introduction on Folkways and Mores Every day we move through a dense web of unwritten rules — the way we queue, greet, dress, celebrate, or show respect. These rules are often so ordinary that we barely notice them until someone breaks one. In sociological terms, many of these practices fall under the categories of folkways … Read more