HS Special Desk 
Introduction Income inequality in India has become one of the most debated social issues of the 21st century. While India has emerged as one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, the benefits of this growth have not been evenly distributed. A small section of society has accumulated unprecedented wealth, while a large population continues to struggle … Read more
Introduction on Gender Inequality and Feminist Movements Gender inequality has been one of the most persistent forms of social inequality in the United States. Despite constitutional guarantees of equality and decades of social reform, disparities based on gender continue to shape access to education, employment, political power, healthcare, and social recognition. Sociology approaches gender inequality … Read more
George Herbert Mead (1863–1931), one of the foundational thinkers of American Pragmatism and Symbolic Interactionism, made significant contributions to the interpretative traditions of sociology. While Mead is not a hermeneutician in the classical sense (like Dilthey, Weber, or Gadamer), his work deeply engages with the interpretation of meanings, signs, gestures, and social interaction — placing … Read more
Introduction Australia is often portrayed as a prosperous, egalitarian society offering equal opportunities to all its citizens. With a high Human Development Index, strong welfare institutions, and democratic governance, Australia appears to embody social fairness. However, sociological research reveals that beneath this image lies a persistent structure of social inequality. Inequality in Australia manifests across … Read more
Introduction on Forms of Social Control Social life is possible only when human behavior is regulated in some orderly manner. In every society, individuals are expected to follow certain rules, norms, and values that guide their conduct. These mechanisms that regulate individual and group behavior are known as social control. From a sociological perspective, social … Read more
Introduction Religion has played a foundational role in shaping American society, influencing its values, institutions, political structures, and cultural practices. From the early Puritan settlements to contemporary debates over secularism, religious freedom, and pluralism, religion continues to occupy a central—though contested—place in the United States. Unlike many other modern societies, the U.S. remains highly religious … Read more
Introduction China’s One-Child Policy, introduced in 1979, remains one of the most ambitious and controversial social engineering projects in modern history. Implemented to control rapid population growth after decades of high fertility rates, the policy profoundly reshaped Chinese society. While its demographic and economic consequences have been widely discussed, the social effects of the One-Child … Read more
Gender inequality has been one of the most persistent and deeply rooted social issues in the United States, shaping institutions, cultural norms, and interpersonal relations for centuries. From employment discrimination and political underrepresentation to gender violence and cultural stereotypes, inequality manifests across multiple dimensions of social life. At the same time, the United States has … Read more
Introduction on Crime and Mass Incarceration Mass incarceration is one of the most defining social issues in contemporary American society. The United States has the world’s largest prison population, with over two million people behind bars at any given moment, and millions more under probation, parole, and other forms of correctional supervision. Although crime is … Read more
Introduction on Political Polarization and Democracy Political polarization has become one of the most defining features of contemporary American society. While divisions between political parties have existed throughout U.S. history, the depth, emotional intensity, and social consequences of current polarization represent a significant departure from earlier patterns. Sociologists view polarization not merely as a political … Read more