HS Special Desk 
Income inequality in America is not only an economic issue; it is a social structure that shapes everyday life—where people live, what schools they attend, how healthy they are, whom they marry, what opportunities they can realistically pursue, and how much power they hold in politics and culture. From a sociological perspective, inequality is not … Read more
Social stratification refers to the structured inequalities that exist within a society, shaping people’s access to resources, opportunities, and power. In India, stratification is deeply rooted in historical, cultural, economic, and political systems. The three most powerful dimensions of social stratification in Indian society are caste, class, and gender. These systems overlap and interact, creating … Read more
Introduction India is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, yet it remains one of the most unequal societies. While a small section of the population enjoys immense wealth, luxury, and global opportunities, a large segment still struggles with poverty, unemployment, and basic survival. Between these two extremes lies the Indian middle class, often … Read more
Introduction on Education in Social Mobility Education has long been regarded as one of the most powerful instruments of social change. In a society like India, where social stratification is deeply rooted in caste, class, gender, and region, education plays a crucial role in enabling individuals to move upward in the social hierarchy. Social mobility … Read more
Introduction The 1960s marked a turning point in the social, political, and cultural history of the United States. This decade witnessed powerful movements for civil rights, women’s liberation, anti-war activism, and youth rebellion. These movements challenged traditional authority, reshaped social values, and transformed American institutions. Since then, American society has undergone profound changes in family … Read more
Introduction Indian society has always been characterized by strong cultural traditions, collective family life, respect for elders, and moral values rooted in religion and community. For centuries, these values shaped the behavior, aspirations, and identity of young people. However, in the 21st century, rapid social change has transformed the value system of Indian youth. Globalization, … Read more
Introduction The 21st century has brought rapid and profound social change to the United States. From technological revolutions and shifting family structures to growing diversity, political polarization, and evolving cultural values, American society has undergone transformations that sociologists actively analyze. Social change refers to significant alterations in social structures, institutions, relationships, and cultural patterns over … Read more
Introduction India is often described as a land of traditions—joint families, caste-based communities, village life, religious rituals, and deep-rooted cultural norms. However, rapid social change driven by urbanization, globalization, education, and technology has raised an important sociological question: Is traditional Indian society disappearing? From a sociological perspective, this question cannot be answered in simple yes-or-no … Read more
Introduction Immigration has been one of the most significant forces shaping modern France. From colonial-era movements to contemporary global migration, the arrival of diverse populations has transformed French society demographically, culturally, economically, and politically. Yet, unlike countries that openly embrace multiculturalism as a state policy, France follows a distinctive republican model based on universalism, secularism, … Read more
Introduction The relationship between society and the environment has become one of the most urgent sociological concerns of the twenty-first century. In Australia, climate change is not merely a scientific or environmental issue; it is deeply embedded in social structures, economic systems, political debates, and cultural values. From catastrophic bushfires and prolonged droughts to coral … Read more