Introduction Reality is often perceived as an objective and fixed entity, existing independently of human interpretation. However, social constructivism challenges this notion by arguing that much of what we consider “real” is shaped by social interactions, cultural norms, and collective agreements. In sociology, social constructivism examines how society creates and maintains shared understandings of reality … Read more
Introduction Postmodernism is one of the most debated and influential theoretical perspectives in contemporary sociology. Emerging in the late 20th century as a critique of modernist thought, postmodernism challenges the grand narratives, universal truths, and structural determinism that characterized classical sociological theories. Instead, it emphasizes fragmentation, relativism, and the fluidity of social reality. This article … Read more
Introduction Feminist theory is a critical sociological perspective that examines gender inequalities, power structures, and the social construction of femininity and masculinity. Rooted in the broader feminist movement, feminist theory seeks to challenge patriarchal norms, advocate for gender equality, and analyze how intersecting social categories such as race, class, and sexuality shape women’s experiences. This … Read more
Bronisław Malinowski (1884-1942): Founding Father of Modern Social Anthropology Bronisław Malinowski, a Polish-British anthropologist, revolutionized ethnographic research through his pioneering functionalist approach and immersive participant observation methodology. Often regarded as the “father of social anthropology,” Malinowski shifted anthropology from speculative, armchair theories to empirical fieldwork, emphasizing the study of cultures as integrated systems serving human needs. His groundbreaking research in … Read more
Introduction Symbolic interactionism is one of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology that focuses on the ways individuals create and interpret meaning through social interaction. Unlike macro-level theories that examine large-scale social structures, symbolic interactionism operates at the micro-level, analyzing how people construct their social reality through everyday communication. This article explores the core principles … Read more
Introduction on Religion and Society in Asian Regions Religion has always played a pivotal role in shaping the social, cultural, and political landscapes of Asian societies. As the largest and most populous continent, Asia is home to a diverse array of religious traditions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Confucianism, Taoism, Shintoism, and Christianity, among others. These … Read more
Introduction on Urban Sociology in Asia Urban sociology examines the social structures, processes, and transformations within cities. Asia, as the most populous and rapidly urbanizing continent, presents a unique case study for urban sociologists. The region’s urbanization is marked by diversity—ranging from the hyper-modern cities of Japan and South Korea to the sprawling megacities of … Read more
Introduction on Branches of Sociology The scientific study of society, interpersonal connections, and human behavior in social settings is known as sociology. As a broad discipline, it encompasses various branches that examine different aspects of social life, institutions, and interactions. These branches of sociology allow sociologists to specialize in specific areas, providing deeper insights into … Read more
Introduction on Functionalism in Sociology Functionalism is one of the most influential theoretical perspectives in sociology, offering a framework for understanding how societies maintain stability and order. Rooted in the works of early sociologists such as Émile Durkheim, Herbert Spencer, and Talcott Parsons, functionalism examines social structures and institutions in terms of the functions they … Read more
Introduction The scientific study of society, human behavior, and social relationships is known as sociology. At its core, the sociological perspective encourages individuals to look beyond personal experiences and consider broader social forces that shape human life. This perspective challenges common-sense assumptions by analyzing how social structures, institutions, and cultural norms influence individual and collective … Read more