Introduction on NGOs and Social Change Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have emerged as key actors in shaping social change across the world. Functioning outside the formal structures of government and the profit-driven motives of the corporate sector, NGOs play a crucial role in addressing social inequalities, advocating for human rights, and fostering community development. From a … Read more
Introduction Empowerment of marginalized communities—such as racial and ethnic minorities, women, LGBTQ+ individuals, people with disabilities, and economically disadvantaged populations—is a critical goal for achieving social justice and equality. However, the process of empowerment is fraught with numerous challenges rooted in historical, structural, cultural, and institutional barriers. From a sociological perspective, these challenges stem from … Read more
Introduction Religion has been a fundamental aspect of human societies, shaping cultural norms, social structures, and individual identities. However, while religion can foster community cohesion and moral guidance, it can also contribute to social hierarchies and marginalization. Marginalization refers to the systematic exclusion of individuals or groups from meaningful participation in social, economic, and political … Read more
Introduction The caste system is one of the world’s oldest and most severe forms of social stratification, with profound roots in Indian history and culture. It has played a significant role in shaping social relations, economic opportunities, and political power dynamics. From a sociological perspective, the caste system is not merely a hierarchical arrangement of … Read more
Introduction In the digital age, media plays a crucial role in shaping public opinion, cultural norms, and social behavior. Among the various forms of media, paid media—which includes advertisements, sponsored content, influencer marketing, and promoted social media posts—has become a dominant force in influencing societal values, consumer behavior, and even political discourse. From a sociological standpoint, … Read more
Introduction of Managing Social Selves via Media In the digital age, media has become an integral part of everyday life, shaping how individuals construct, present, and manage their social selves. From social networking sites (SNS) like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter to professional platforms like LinkedIn, individuals actively engage in self-presentation, impression management, and identity performance. … Read more
Introduction In the modern era, the media plays a pivotal role in shaping public opinion, cultural norms, and social behavior. The concept of mass society—a large-scale, impersonal, and highly mediated social structure—has become increasingly relevant in understanding how media influences individuals and communities. From television and newspapers to social media and digital platforms, mass communication has … Read more
Introduction Reproductive health is a critical aspect of human well-being that intersects with various social, economic, and political dimensions. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines reproductive health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being in all matters relating to the reproductive system. In the contemporary world, reproductive health is not just a … Read more
Introduction on Sustainable Development Goals The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted by the United Nations in 2015, represent a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all by 2030. Among the 17 goals, health is a central theme, explicitly addressed in SDG 3: “Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being … Read more
Introduction The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), adopted by the United Nations in 2000, represented a historic global commitment to addressing pressing development challenges, including poverty, education, gender inequality, and health disparities. While the MDGs encompassed eight broad objectives, their health-related targets were particularly significant because health is both a determinant and an outcome of social … Read more