HS Special Desk 
Culture is one of the most fundamental concepts in sociology, shaping human behavior, thought, and social interaction. It is the shared way of life of a people—encompassing their beliefs, values, customs, traditions, language, arts, and social practices. From the sociological perspective, culture is not merely an abstract idea but a living force that structures society, … Read more
Introduction on Norms and Values In the study of sociology, norms and values are foundational concepts that shape the behaviour, expectations, and cohesion of any social group. While often used together, norms and values occupy distinct but interrelated positions in the social fabric: values represent general beliefs about what is desirable or worthwhile, whereas norms … Read more
Introduction India is home to one of the largest tribal populations in the world, with nearly 104 million individuals (Census 2011) officially recognized as members of Scheduled Tribes (STs). Spread across diverse geographical regions—from the dense forests of central India to the hilly terrains of the northeast and the deserts of Rajasthan—tribal communities represent a … Read more
Nepal, a landlocked country situated between India and China, is home to a rich tapestry of cultures, ethnicities, languages, and traditions. While geographically small, the country’s social diversity is vast, reflecting centuries of historical developments, migration patterns, political changes, and cultural exchanges. From a sociological perspective, Nepali society can be understood through multiple lenses such … Read more
Introduction on Education and Social Mobility Education is universally heralded as the great equalizer, the most potent vehicle for social mobility, capable of lifting individuals from the confines of their birth and granting them access to better opportunities. In the diverse and densely populated region of South Asia—encompassing Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka—this … Read more
Introduction on Marriage among Hindus In India, marriage is far more than a mere legal contract or a romantic union between two individuals. For Hindus, who constitute the majority of the country’s population, marriage is a profound sanskara (sacrament), a pivotal religious duty, and a fundamental building block of the social order. To understand Marriage among Hindus … Read more
Introduction on Monogamy and Polygamy Marriage In India, marriage is a complicated social institution that is ingrained in the nation’s religious, cultural, and legal fabric. It is not just a union of two people. A fascinating sociological contradiction arises from the practices of polygamy (having multiple spouses at the same time) and monogamy (marrying one … Read more
The caste system in India has long been perceived by both observers and its subjects as a rigid, hierarchical, and immutable structure. The varna model—dividing society into the fourfold hierarchy of Brahmins (priests), Kshatriyas (warriors), Vaishyas (traders), and Shudras (servants), with the Dalits (untouchables) existing outside its pale—presents an image of eternal, divinely ordained social … Read more
Introduction on Panchayati Raj Institutions: 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 stands as one of the most radical pieces of legislation in the history of independent India. On the surface, it is a legal document that provided constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), mandating a three-tier system of … Read more
Introduction The Green Revolution, which began in the 1960s, was a significant agricultural transformation that aimed to increase food production in India through the adoption of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and modern irrigation techniques. While it successfully addressed food shortages and boosted agricultural productivity, it also brought profound socio-economic and cultural changes … Read more