HS Special Desk 
Introduction on Democracy and Its Discontent Democracy, often hailed as the most legitimate form of governance, represents a system where political power derives from the collective will of the people. Its foundational ideals—freedom, equality, participation, and representation—make it both an aspiration and a benchmark for modern societies. Yet, while democracy is celebrated across the globe, … Read more
Introduction on Authoritarian and Democratic State The state is one of the most central institutions in sociology, as it holds the authority to regulate society, maintain order, and shape the course of human development. Different forms of states emerge across history depending on the nature of power, legitimacy, and citizen participation. Among the most studied … Read more
Introduction on Globalization and Identity Politics, Hate and Violence Globalization is often described as the interconnectedness of economies, cultures, and societies across the globe. While it has brought opportunities for economic growth, technological progress, and cultural exchange, it has also created new social tensions. One of the most visible consequences of globalization in the sociological … Read more
Introduction on Globalisation and Cultural Changes Globalisation, one of the most debated phenomena of the late 20th and 21st centuries, is not limited to economic integration or political interdependence. It is equally a cultural process that redefines identities, traditions, and social practices across the globe. The shrinking of time and space through advanced communication, technology, … Read more
Introduction on Globalization, Inequalities and Vulnerabilities Globalization is one of the most influential processes shaping contemporary societies. It refers to the intensification of worldwide social relations and interconnections that link distant localities in such a way that events in one part of the globe influence lives elsewhere. From the spread of multinational corporations to digital … Read more
Globalisation has become one of the most discussed concepts in sociology and the social sciences. It refers broadly to the growing interconnectedness of societies, economies, cultures, and politics across the globe. While most scholars agree that globalization is shaping the modern world, there is considerable debate regarding its scale, impact, and consequences. Among these debates, … Read more
Introduction on U.S.–India Trade Conflict On August 27, 2025, the United States imposed a 50% tariff on Indian exports, doubling the previous 25% rate. This move affected a wide range of goods—shrimp, textiles, gems, jewelry, furniture, and mentha oil—covering almost two-thirds of India’s annual $86 billion exports to the U.S. The justification from Washington was … Read more
Introduction on Information and Communication Technology The rise of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has transformed human societies in unprecedented ways. From the printing press to the internet and artificial intelligence, Information and Communication Technology has shaped how people communicate, access knowledge, build relationships, and organize their social, economic, and political lives. In sociology, Information … Read more
Introduction In the age of digitalization, power is no longer concentrated solely in political offices, religious institutions, or economic corporations. With the rise of social media platforms such as Instagram, YouTube, TikTok, and Twitter (X), a new arena of influence has emerged—one dominated by influencers. These individuals, often ordinary people turned digital celebrities, accumulate large … Read more
Introduction on Populism and Society Populism has emerged as one of the most influential political and social phenomena in the modern era. Across different regions—be it Latin America, Europe, Asia, or Africa—populist movements have been able to mobilize millions of people by emphasizing the idea that society is divided into two antagonistic groups: the “pure … Read more