HS Special Desk 
Introduction Urban sociology, as a subfield of sociology, explores how human relationships, social institutions, and cultural patterns evolve within urban environments. With rapid technological advancements and the increasing integration of digital systems into urban infrastructure, a new form of urban life has emerged — the smart city. These cities, driven by data, connectivity, and automation, … Read more
Introduction Crime has long been one of the most persistent challenges in human societies. While individual psychology and moral decay are often cited as causes of criminal behavior, sociology provides a broader and more structural explanation. The sociology of crime investigates the ways in which social conditions—such as poverty, class divisions, racial inequality, and institutional … Read more
Introduction Youth culture has always been a dynamic force shaping societies, reflecting the aspirations, conflicts, and transformations of every generation. In the digital era, this cultural sphere has undergone radical changes, as the internet, social media, and digital communication technologies have redefined identity, belonging, and social interaction. Youth no longer express their subcultural affiliations merely … Read more
Introduction on Sociology of Religion Religion has always been one of the most significant institutions in human civilization, shaping moral codes, cultural values, and collective identities. Yet, in the contemporary era marked by rationalization, globalization, and secularization, religion faces new challenges and transformations. The sociology of religion studies this dynamic relationship between faith and society … Read more
Introduction Lewis Coser (1913–2003) stands as one of the most influential sociologists of the 20th century who reinterpreted the role of social conflict in modern societies. His work, “The Functions of Social Conflict” (1956), presented a strikingly different view from traditional sociological thinkers who saw conflict as a sign of social breakdown or instability. Coser, … Read more
Introduction Across Asia, a new generation has begun to redefine the contours of protest and political participation. In Indonesia, Nepal, East Timor, and the Philippines, young people have taken to the streets and social media platforms to voice their dissatisfaction with political corruption, democratic backsliding, unemployment, and social inequality. This generational wave of dissent, led … Read more
Introduction on Problems of Dry Agriculture Agriculture forms the backbone of rural society, providing livelihoods to millions and shaping the social structure, economy, and culture of agrarian communities. However, not all regions enjoy the same agricultural conditions. In many parts of India and the world, agriculture is practiced in areas that receive scanty and uncertain … Read more
Introduction on Family in Modern Society The family is one of the oldest and most fundamental social institutions, often regarded as the cornerstone of human society. It performs essential functions such as socialization, emotional support, reproduction, and the regulation of behavior. However, in modern society, the structure, function, and meaning of the family have undergone … Read more
Introduction Education has long been celebrated as the great equalizer — a pathway through which individuals can transcend social barriers and achieve upward mobility. However, sociological inquiry reveals a paradox: while education promises equality of opportunity, in practice it often reproduces and legitimizes existing social inequalities. Schools, instead of being neutral grounds of meritocracy, have … Read more
Introduction Confucianism, one of the most influential philosophical and ethical systems in the world, has profoundly shaped the social structures, cultural norms, and moral frameworks of East Asian societies for over two millennia. Originating from the teachings of Confucius (Kong Fuzi, 551–479 BCE) in ancient China, Confucianism transcended its philosophical roots to become a sociocultural … Read more