Introduction:

 In sociology, the primary suffix that is
specially discussed after society is community. A community is a community
accustomed to following a common social norm where the overall needs of life
can be met. People have learned to live socially for their own needs. And due
to cultural and ethnographic features, different communities have developed in
different areas. So the community refers to the population living in a particular
area, who follow the same customs. The people of the community are related to
each other on the basis of specific behaviors. A community is a social system
where a larger group of society lives in a certain area and develops a common
mentality. Hardly a person lives a full life in the community. Community
members feel obvious social cohesion and are accustomed to a common life
journey. In comparison, the bond of solidarity among the primitive communities
was very strong. Between rural and urban communities. Both similarities and
differences exist.

Definition:

According to sociologist Bhukhis, in terms of solidarity,
human society has been transformed from mechanical solidarity to biological
solidarity. Generally speaking, it is only when harmony and sympathy develop in
the overall life system of a community in a particular area that it becomes
known as a community. People are living together as a journey partner. The
people of the community are related to each other on the basis of specific
behaviors.

One of the great features of a community is that it has a common way of living among its members, which is explained by the fact that
when a group of people lives in harmony following certain common interests,
feelings and behaviors, Became community.

 The sociologist
Agburn and Nimuk refer to a community as a group of one or more groups – who
live in the same area. (Community is a group or a collection of groups that
inhabits a locality.)

 According to Agburn
and Nimkoff, a community living in the same area separates an integrated
community from another community. In addition, another characteristic of the
community is that it exists among the people living in the same area, Organized
way of life.

 Sociologist Kingsly
Davis, in his book ‘Human Society’, explains community: One and the same in
terms of social customs, ideologies, and attitudes.

 Sociologists McIver
and Page say in their book, Society. Whenever the members of any group, Small
or Large, live together in such a way that they share, not this or that
particular interest but the basic conditions of common life true call that group
a community. Wherever the people of a small or large community live together in
such away. They are not pursuing any particular interest but are identical.
When we live as partners in a bin, we call that community a community; The
hallmark of a community is that a person whole life will be spent in a
community. According to them, villages, cities, races, and tribes are just an
example of a community. From this point of view, a business organization and a
chart are a reflection of a person’s full social life within the community.

Locality –

 Any community is
always a specific geographical area. Has the right. The importance of a particular
area of ​​the community is noticeable. Differences are also observed in the way
people live their lives due to differences in the geographical environment.
During a long stay in a certain area, a balance is formed in the physical,
mental, and behavioral habits of the people. On the basis of this harmony, a
special feature emerges among the grouped people, such as the Eskima community,
the village community, the hill community, etc., characterized by their regional
characteristics. Living together within a certain geographical boundary brings
different members of the community into a close social bond and results in
their own culture, The atmosphere is formed. It is this cultural milieu that
sets them apart from other communities.

Community Sentiment –

 All belong to one
community. The member must have the mentality of living with one. The
solidarity between people belonging to the same community is very strong and
they are all in a relationship. Aware. This means that communal feelings are
indicative of the interpersonal relationships and awareness of the different
people in a community. In fact, the similarity of emotional, behavioral, and
ritual characteristics between different individuals belonging to the same
community. Is observed. According to McIver and Page, the community is an area of
​​common living. And with that common life, there will be a way of life sharing
and awareness as a resident of the common world. The community can be small, it
can be big. Both types of communities are human needs. However, the larger community
can ever destroy the existence of the smaller community. What is heck, in
general, we can identify two types of communities:  

1) Rural Community

2) Urban Community

The rural community

lived socially in the primitive age and at one stage became
involved in agriculture. As a result, an agrarian society developed. And the
unique consequence of this agrarian life is the rural settlement. The rural community
has developed in the rural settlements. We can see the rural community in both
big and small ways. For example, there is a largely rural community around the world,
and there are small rural communities around big cities. According to
sociologists, a rural community is a group of people who live in the same
geographical area and whose interactions and relationships are very direct and
close. Rural settlements have developed in all the countries of the world from
the primitive agricultural way of life. Areas, where rural settlements have developed, have definite name boundaries. However, the behavior and way of life
of the rural people are different from the behavior and lifestyle of the people
of the city. The characteristics of the rural community are mentioned below.

Features:

1.  Rural communities are mostly small. Due to the small size
   of the villages, the rural communities are small.
2.   Almost everyone in
   the rural community knows everyone and has a personal relationship with each
   other
3. As people belonging to small communities are isolated
   from the outside world, some self-centered mentality and backwardness can be
   noticed among them.
4. The main occupation of the rural community is usually
   agriculture. The people of this community do a lot of ancillary work in Ara
   besides agricultural work. For example, animal husbandry, woodwork, house building,
   weaving, etc.
5. The people of the rural community have deep faith in social customs and traditions.
6. The people of
   rural communities are generally conservative and respect the right to traditional
   values.
7. The social and cultural life of the rural community is
   very limited.
8.  The patriarchal social system is prevalent in most of the
   rural communities and there is no overall evaluation of women labor.
9. Social mobility is
   low in rural communities. The importance of social status is greater here.
   Informal social control systems in rural communities are relatively strict and
   therefore the influence of religion is also high there.

 The Urban Community:

Knowledge in the City – As a result of advances in science
and technology and administrative and political changes in the natural
environment of the village, people settle in urban areas. There is diversity in
city life. There is usually no activity related to agriculture, animal
husbandry, and hunting. The so-called urban community is the community that is
engaged in productive and service-oriented economic activities (such as all
activities other than agriculture, animal husbandry, etc.) and has the most
infrastructural opportunities.

 

Features:

 As a result of
urbanization, a number of distinctive features can be noticed in the urban community.
The features are as follows:

1.  People from urban
   communities are involved in various vocational activities, e.g. Lawyers,
   doctors, engineers, teachers, and craftsmen, etc.
2.  There are more opportunities for urban education. Diverse
   cultural activities are observed here.
3.   Mentally, it is natural
   for people in urban communities to follow a scientific approach and they are
   free from prejudices and progressive thinking.
4.  The social environment of the community in the city is improved and their way of life is
   intertwined with the progress of the modern world.
5.  The predominance
   of single-family in the urban community can be noticed.
6.  The importance of
   law as a vehicle of social control is high in urban communities. State or
   administrative rules play a major role in the city.
7.  Social mobility is
   more functional in urban communities.
8.  Secondary
   relations are predominant in urban communities. Because of the need. In terms
   of the urban communities, lakers are bound to each other.
9.  The people
   belonging to the urban community get the opportunity to meet their different needs
   by becoming members of different organizations.

  Economic activities in the city community are extremely
dynamic. People have been living as a community since ancient times. There were
also human communities in the era of hunter life and food gathering. However,
the size of the community was small and temporary. Since the beginning of
agricultural production, the community has gradually become more stable and
growing, and over time, urban communities have sprung up. From the above discussion, we can conclude that a community is formed in a particular area with a communal
mindset inspired by solidarity. It may be possible for a person to live a full
life within the community.

Differences between society and community

 The word society and
community is considered by many to be synonymous. Sociologist MacIver and Page ‘Community Text’ has analyzed in detail the differences between the two.
According to him, the word society is widely used to mean the
interaction of human beings. One community, he said, did not go to another
specific place of organized life, where the population lived.

 One when ripe Some of
the characteristics of the difference between the society and the community are
mentioned in the index:

 1. Region –

 There is
no need for a specific area of ​​the population for society. For example, a student
society, but in the case of a community, the population must be residents of a
certain area. Such as – a rural community, urban community, tribal community,
hill community, etc.

 2. Purpose – 

To live
in an organization for the same purpose if the characteristic of the society
is, for example, the purpose of the student society is to acquire knowledge. On
the other hand, people belonging to the community are entitled to different
occupations and livelihoods, for example, a village may have different
occupations and livelihoods. Yet they are a community.

3.  Ideals –

 People in
society can believe in different ideologies. For example, some in the working
class may believe in capitalism, while others may believe in socialism. On the
other hand, the ideals and customs of the community are one and the same.

4.  Attitude –

 Communal
harmony or unity is not essential for society. But it is an essential aspect
for the community.

 5. Boundaries –

 Society is a complex web of interrelationships. Society may not have any
definite boundaries. On the other hand, the community is a person, to say the least.
Aggregate refers to those who will have a specific geographical location.

 6. The nature of the structure – 

Society is formed by the interrelationships of individuals. And the community
develops spontaneously.

 7. Range –

 Society is a
large unit. For example, bourgeois society means all the bourgeoisie of the
world. On the other hand, the community is smaller than society, for example, the rural
community means only the village or town concerned.

 8. Mobility –

 The evolution
of society. A review of the history of human society has shown that the
existence of different societies can be observed at different levels of human
civilization. For example, primitive communist society, slave society, feudal society,
capitalist society, and a socialist society. In contrast, the existence of the
community is more permanent. Such as rural and urban communities.

9. Interest –

 Society The interests
of the people are usually multidimensional. But the differences between the
interests of people in the same community are less.

10. Partnership –

 A society can have two or more
communities, but a community cannot have two or more societies.

11.  Extension –

 The general objectives of the society are comprehensive. The general purpose of
the community is relatively limited.

 12. Rituals –

 Rituals and society
is a system formed by certain man-made customs – through which human beings
meet their mutual needs. And the community. Being a population consisting of
uniform customs, who may be small or large.

13. Rights – 

All kinds of people can live in society. But
not all types of people can live in the community normally. Because there are
stricter customs and practices within the community than in society.

14. Reciprocity –

Mutual friendship and relationships in society are essential. Everyone in society is dependent on each other. On the
other hand, the community is a special circle of living. Here all the members
have to follow the same customs. Everything here in the smooth life journey depends
on the aggregate.

 15. Necessity –

Necessity and
society is the strongest organization of human interrelationships, through
which all members are bound in a bond of interrelationships. In the case of society,
interrelationships and their effectiveness are mainly considered. On the other
hand, in the case of a community, geographical proximity is more important than
relationships.

 16. Geographical Location – 

A society is a population that will have a specific geographical area. In
the case of a community, a common geographical area, and communal feeling are
essential.

 17. Dependence –

 Society
is not an organization for living a self-sufficient life. But the community can
be self-sufficient. For example, pre-British Indian villages were considered
self-sufficient and small republics.

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