Introduction on Race and Ethnicity in North America Race and ethnicity are among the most enduring and controversial dimensions of North American society. Both concepts are deeply rooted in the continent’s colonial past and continue to shape its modern social structures, cultural identities, and political discourses. From the colonization of Indigenous lands to the transatlantic … Read more
Introduction The U.S.–Mexico border is one of the most politically charged, culturally dynamic, and sociologically complex spaces in the world. Stretching nearly 2,000 miles from the Pacific Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico, it is not just a geopolitical boundary dividing two nations — it is a social, cultural, and economic frontier where globalization, migration, … Read more
Introduction on Consequences of Rapid Population Growth Population growth has always been a central topic in sociology, as it directly influences social structures, institutions, and patterns of human behavior. While population growth is often associated with progress and the expansion of human potential, rapid population growth poses profound challenges to societies—especially in developing nations. From … Read more
Introduction Population growth is one of the most significant social phenomena shaping the course of human development. While population growth can be a sign of improved living standards and healthcare, rapid and uncontrolled population growth often leads to complex socio-economic challenges. From a sociological standpoint, population growth is not merely a biological occurrence but a … Read more
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has not only been a global health crisis but also a profound social and economic turning point. Among its many consequences, unemployment emerged as one of the most critical and far-reaching social issues of the post-pandemic era. While economists view unemployment as a matter of labor market dynamics, sociologists analyze it … Read more
Introduction Mortality — the incidence of death within a population — is a central concept in both demography and sociology. It reflects not only biological and medical conditions but also the broader social, cultural, economic, and political structures that shape human life. Sociologists examine mortality not merely as a biological inevitability but as a socially … Read more
Introduction on Social Inequality in the Age of Billionaires The twenty-first century is often celebrated as the age of unprecedented wealth, innovation, and globalization. Yet beneath the glossy surface of technological revolutions, luxury lifestyles, and the glamour of billionaires lies a stark and disturbing reality: deepening social inequality. In an era where the world’s wealthiest … Read more
Introduction on Development and Displacement Development is often portrayed as a pathway to progress, modernization, and economic growth. Governments and corporations across the globe promote developmental projects such as dams, highways, industries, and mining as symbols of national advancement. However, beneath this vision of prosperity lies a harsh social reality — displacement. Millions of people, … Read more
Introduction on Nuclear Power and Terrorism The intersection of nuclear power and terrorism represents one of the most alarming challenges of the modern world. While nuclear power stands as a symbol of scientific progress, energy security, and national pride, it simultaneously embodies a source of fear due to its destructive potential. The threat of nuclear … Read more
Education and socialization are two interrelated processes that shape human behavior, attitudes, and social roles within society. From a sociological point of view, education is not merely a means of acquiring knowledge or skills, but a fundamental institution through which societies transmit culture, maintain social order, and reproduce their structure across generations. Socialization, on the … Read more