Introduction Population growth is one of the most significant social phenomena shaping the course of human development. While population growth can be a sign of improved living standards and healthcare, rapid and uncontrolled population growth often leads to complex socio-economic challenges. From a sociological standpoint, population growth is not merely a biological occurrence but a … Read more
Introduction The relationship between population growth and economic development has long been a central theme in sociology, economics, and demography. While economists often approach it through productivity, capital accumulation, and labor supply, sociologists emphasize the human, cultural, and institutional dimensions that shape this relationship. Population growth not only affects the economic structure but also transforms … Read more
Introduction Fertility is one of the most fundamental concepts in demography and sociology, representing the actual reproductive performance of a population. It refers to the number of live births occurring in a population within a specific period, usually a year. Fertility plays a critical role in determining population growth, age structure, and the social and … Read more
Introduction Japan stands as one of the most advanced societies in the world—technologically, economically, and demographically unique. Among its defining social challenges is the phenomenon of rapid population aging. With nearly 30% of its citizens aged 65 and above, Japan has become the world’s oldest nation by proportion of elderly. This demographic transformation—known as kōreika … Read more