Hub Sociology Desk 
Introduction In the field of sociology, research plays a vital role in understanding social structures, human behavior, and societal changes. To ensure that sociological research produces valid and generalizable results, researchers must carefully choose how they select participants or cases for their studies. One of the most scientific and widely used methods for this is … Read more
Introduction Sociology, as a scientific study of society, has long aimed to understand patterns of social behavior, structures, and change. To achieve this, sociologists use various methods of research to gather data and draw conclusions. One of the most systematic and objective approaches among these is quantitative research. Quantitative research in sociology focuses on numerical … Read more
Introduction Sociology, as the study of human society and social behavior, requires methods that capture the richness and complexity of social life. Among the two broad methodological traditions—quantitative and qualitative—qualitative research occupies a special position. It seeks to explore meanings, experiences, and interpretations rather than numerical patterns. In sociological inquiry, qualitative research enables scholars to … Read more
Introduction on Phenomenology The development of phenomenological sociology owes a significant debt to Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann, two scholars who bridged the gap between philosophical phenomenology and empirical sociology. Their groundbreaking work “The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge” (1966) redefined the way social scientists understand reality, knowledge, … Read more
Introduction on Phenomenology Alfred Schutz (1899–1959) was an Austrian social scientist and philosopher best known for developing the phenomenological approach in sociology. Drawing upon the works of Edmund Husserl and Max Weber, Schutz attempted to bridge the gap between philosophy and sociology by examining how individuals create and maintain the social world through everyday experiences. … Read more
Introduction Erving Goffman, one of the most influential sociologists of the 20th century, offered a unique perspective on human interaction through his Dramaturgical Theory. Introduced in his landmark book The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1959), Goffman compared social life to a theatrical performance. He suggested that individuals, like actors on a stage, perform … Read more
Introduction Exchange theory represents one of the most significant efforts in sociology to explain social behavior through the logic of reciprocity, reward, and cost. Rooted in both economics and behavioral psychology, it views social interaction as a process of exchange in which individuals seek to maximize rewards and minimize costs. Among the pioneers of this … Read more
George Herbert Mead (1863–1931) stands as one of the most influential figures in the development of modern sociology, particularly for his contributions to the theory of Symbolic Interactionism. His ideas laid the foundation for understanding how individuals and societies are interrelated through symbols, language, and communication. Mead’s intellectual legacy transcends psychology and philosophy, profoundly shaping … Read more
Introduction on Development and Inequalities Development has long been seen as the process of improving the quality of human life through economic growth, technological progress, social transformation, and political modernization. However, development is not a neutral or uniformly beneficial process. It often reproduces or even intensifies existing inequalities within and between societies. From a sociological … Read more
Introduction on Globalization and Development Globalization and development are among the most debated concepts in contemporary sociology. Both terms represent complex, interlinked processes shaping the modern world. While development traditionally refers to the economic, social, and political progress of nations, globalization signifies the increasing interconnectedness of societies through trade, communication, culture, and technology. From a … Read more