Hub Sociology Desk 
Biopower is one of the most influential concepts in contemporary sociology, especially in the study of how modern societies regulate human life. Coined by French philosopher Michel Foucault, the term “biopower” describes the mechanisms through which institutions, states, and systems exercise control over human bodies, behaviors, and thoughts. Unlike traditional forms of power—such as monarchies … Read more
Introduction on Old and New Forms of Power & Division Power and social division are central concerns of sociology. Across time and cultures, human societies have been structured through systems that determine who holds authority, who has access to resources, and who remains marginalized. Traditional forms of hierarchy—such as caste, class, and patriarchy—have long shaped … Read more
Introduction Population is one of the most critical factors shaping global development, social change, and human welfare. Rapid population growth, uneven demographic distribution, and aging societies have significant implications for employment, health, education, environment, and global inequality. The United Nations (UN), since its establishment in 1945, has played a pivotal role in addressing population-related issues … Read more
Introduction Population growth is one of the most significant social phenomena shaping the course of human development. While population growth can be a sign of improved living standards and healthcare, rapid and uncontrolled population growth often leads to complex socio-economic challenges. From a sociological standpoint, population growth is not merely a biological occurrence but a … Read more
Introduction The age and sex composition of a population is one of the most fundamental aspects of demographic study. From a sociological viewpoint, it shapes the structure, functioning, and future direction of society. The way individuals are distributed by age and sex has direct implications on social institutions such as family, education, labor, politics, and … Read more
Introduction on Sources of Population Data Population data form the foundation of sociological inquiry and social policy. The study of population—its size, structure, distribution, and changes over time—has been central to the field of demography, a key sub-discipline of sociology. Reliable population data enable sociologists to understand the dynamics of social change, migration, fertility, mortality, … Read more
Migration — the movement of people from one place to another — is one of the most significant social phenomena shaping human civilization. It involves the relocation of individuals or groups from their native place to another region, country, or continent, either temporarily or permanently. From a sociological standpoint, migration is not merely a geographical … Read more
Introduction Mortality — the incidence of death within a population — is a central concept in both demography and sociology. It reflects not only biological and medical conditions but also the broader social, cultural, economic, and political structures that shape human life. Sociologists examine mortality not merely as a biological inevitability but as a socially … Read more
Introduction Fertility is one of the most fundamental concepts in demography and sociology, representing the actual reproductive performance of a population. It refers to the number of live births occurring in a population within a specific period, usually a year. Fertility plays a critical role in determining population growth, age structure, and the social and … Read more
Introduction In sociological research, the collection of data is a fundamental step that determines the validity and reliability of the findings. Sampling—selecting a portion of the population for study—plays a crucial role in this process. While probability sampling ensures that every individual has an equal chance of selection, non-probability sampling does not follow this principle. … Read more