INTRODUCTION OF SOCIOLOGY

◆Meaning of Sociology:-

We know that human beings are social beings, they cannot survive without society. Everything around us, everything that influences our lives is a matter of society. The word SOCIOLOGY is made up of two different words, namely the Latin word socius, which means society and the Greek word logos, which means to be studied scientifically.

 Therefore, sociology means the study of society in a scientific manner. The father of this sociology was August Comte (1798-1857), a German philosopher (Philosophy) professor. He was the first to use the term socialist. According to him - "This is a simple science through which we can explore the role of society by studying different aspects of society."

 This is the newest topic of social science. It originated in nineteenth century Europe, but its development took place in America in the twentieth century. The Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution had a major role in the birth of the socialist.


■ Definition of sociology:

Sociology has no complete or particular definition. Different sociologists have defined it in different ways.

According to Auguste Comte, sociology is a factually neutral and theoretical study of various social phenomena (Sociology as the abstract and theoretical science of social phenomena).

According to Emile Durkheim, socialism is the study of various social factors, the means of feeling, thinking, doing things that are outside the control of the individual and which are compulsory to observe.

According to Max Weber, this is a study of social action and interpersonal relationships. (Sociology as the study of social action and social relations)

According to present-day sociologists, sociology is the scientific study of societies and their various institutions, structures and processes (Sociology as the scientific study of society, its institution, structures and process).

Finally, it can be said that by studying the various dimensions of socialism, the improvement of the society.


■  Nature of sociology:

Sociology is an independent science: Sociology is not studied as a discipline in other disciplines like medical treatment or philosophy or political philosophy or history.

Sociology is a social science and not a physical science: - As a social science it focuses on the human view, its social behavior, social activity and social life.

Sociology is not a categorical and normative discipline: - Sociology binds itself to statements about "what should or should not be". The value of sociology as a social science is essentially silent about the question and it is morally neutral.

Sociology is not general science special science: - The field of inquiry in sociology is not particularly specialized. It is concerned with human interaction and human life in general. It simply studies human activity in a simple way. Anthropology and social psychology often claim to be general social science.

Sociology is both rational and an empirical science: - There are two broad ways of communicating scientific knowledge. Empiricism is the view that emphasizes experience and the events that result from observation and experimentation. Reasoning is the logic and theories that result from the hierarchy of reasoning.


■ Field of study in sociology:

In sociology we can study different aspects of society through different methods. These are discussed below:

Group, Group Studies: Through sociology we can get to know different social groups or groups and study their impact and role.

The Study of Social Formation: Through this we learn about the structure of society. How a society is formed by what, what elements, mediums, and interactions between them is studied.

Study of different institutions and organizations: People's lives are different at different times, socialization takes place in or near different institutions and organizations. Through sociology, we can know the role and influence of these institutions and organizations.

The Study of Social Change: Our society is progressive and changing. As human thinking is always changing, so is our society.

 Social Planning: How to improve a society from advanced, to better, is possible only through this subject. Implementation of various government schemes is possible through this topic.

Social control: Social control is the factor that regulates human behavior. Different age groups are influenced by different organizations such as family, school, friends etc. There are also things that govern people.

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